The United States of Cuteness: Part 5 – South Dakota to Wyoming

Hope you enjoyed this series as much as I’ve been compiling it. After all the shit’s been going on in the news and in our lives, we all need some cuteness to escape to now and again. Sure, you may only see many of these animals in zoos, on vacation, or on TV. But some you might be able to see during a walk in the park or in your own backyard. Especially when it comes to some of these small birds you can find in vast areas of the country. In fact, it’s kind of surprising how small some of these animals are, especially if you see how they’re photographed up close. In this final post, we’ll meet the last batch of creatures representative of the United States of Cuteness. You’ll meet a couple of foxes in South Dakota and Utah, a stunning duck in Tennessee, an adorable cat in Texas, an iconic hare in Vermont, a couple of squirrels in Virginia and West Virginia, an adorable marine critter in Washington, a little badass in Wisconsin, and a cute little masked sausage in Wyoming.

41. South Dakota

Swift Fox (Vulpes velox)

Why the Cutest: Boasting oversized, expressive ears, a long, black-tipped bushy tail, and a delicate, slender frame, this house cat-sized fox is an incredibly cute canid on the Great Plains. Helps that its kits resemble tiny, animated fluff balls when playing in the western grasslands. In addition, it’s a highly intelligent, curious, and alert canid that could be incredibly bold or incredibly timid. And while many foxes may be solitary, this cute doggie mates for life and shares caregiving duties with mates and family packs.

Lifespan: Typically lived 3-6 years in the wild but can live up to 14 in captivity. Predators include coyotes, American badgers, golden eagles, and bobcat. Als vulnerable to trapping, poisoning, and vehicle deaths.

Location and Habitat: Lives in western North America between the US-Canadian border to as south as New Mexico. Primarily resides in short grass prairies, temperate deserts, and western grassland.

Diet: Eats rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, insects, other arthropods, lizards, amphibians, fish, eggs, fruits, geese, deer, and carrion.

Behavior: Is primarily nocturnal, spending only evenings and nighttime above ground during the summer. Daytime activity is usually confined to the den except during the winter when it could be active midday. Forms dens on sandy soils on open prairies, in plowed fields, or along fences. But can also use dens once made by other animals. Uses den as shelter from predators. Can occupy 13 dens a year due to scarce prey or skin parasite build up. Breeding season is from December to March. Is usually monogamous but other mating strategies have been observed. Some mate for life some choose different partners each year. Females typically produce 4-5 kits per litter. Social organization is based around females who maintain territory at all times. Males may move if a resident female is killed or removed.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but was once considered endangered due to predator control programs aimed at the gray wolf and coyote. But reintroduction efforts in western Canada and the western US have proven successful and stabilized the population. Today it occupies only 40% of its historical range.

Trivia: Can sprint 30-40 mph.

Other Candidates: Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, Raccoon, Eastern Cottontail, and Red Fox.

42. Tennessee

Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)

Why the Cutest: The male wood duck is a stunningly colorful bird and is considered the most beautiful waterfowl in North America. The drake features a brilliant, iridescent green and purple crest, a rich chestnut breast, and a fine striped pattern making it look like a painted wooden or ceramic sculpture on someone’s buffet table. The hen displays softer gray-brown feathers and distinct white teardrop shape around the eye. But both sexes have a unique boxy, crested head, and a sleek, elegant posture. The ducklings are especially brave since they have to jump 50ft from the nest after hatching in response to their mothers’ calls, often emerging unharmed and ready to explore.

Lifespan: Usually lives 3-4 years in the wild but exceptional individuals can live 15-20 years. 90% of ducklings die within the first 2 weeks of life due to weather, jumping from high tree cavities, or predation. Predators include hawks, raccoons, owls, red foxes, gray foxes, large fish, American alligators, American minks, and black rat snakes.

Location and Habitat: Lives in most of North America from southern Canada to as south as Cuba. Some migrate and some don’t. Resides in wooded swamps, shallow lakes, marshes, ponds, and creeks.

Diet: Eats berries, acorns, and insects.

Behavior: Nests in cavities in trees close to water but will take advantage of nesting boxes in wetland locations. Females line the nest with feathers or other soft materials. Females can produce 2 broods of 7-15 eggs within a single season and is the only North American duck to do so. Breeding season is February to April. Females laying eggs too close together may lead to overfilled nests, unincubated eggs, and a practice known as “nest dumping.” Ducklings are born able to climb from the nest cavity and jump down from the nest to the ground sometimes as far as 50ft over water or leaf litter. Often landing unharmed. That is, as soon as their mother gives the call that it’s safe to do so. Males play no part in rearing chicks. Male courtship displays employ specific mating calls to attract females and establish pair bonds, which can comprise of melodic whistles followed by head-bobbing and wing-flashing.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern, but populations have suffered serious declines during the 19th century thanks to market hunting for feathers in ladies’ hats and habitat loss that it nearly disappeared by the 20th century. The Migratory Bird Treaty, nesting boxes, and beaver conservation efforts have allowed it to make a comeback with major increases in recent years.

Trivia: The only duck equipped with sharp claws that perches and nests on trees. Breeding range has expanded to the Great Plains in recent decades. Males have distinctive vocalizations playing an important role in communication, especially during mating season. With the primary call being a whistle described as “jeeee.” Females produce several distinct calls like a drawn-out, rising squeal such as “do weep do weep,” and a sharp “c-r-ek, c-r-ek” alarm call. Vocalizations vary between sexes with each having specific calls for different social contexts like mate attraction, territorial defense, and maintaining contact with mates and offspring. Is the official duck of Michigan. Feeds by dabbling on the surface. Male is the most colorful American waterfowl.

Other Candidates: Raccoon, American Mink, North American River Otter, Eastern Chipmunk, Red Fox, Gray Fox, and Easter Box Turtle.

43. Texas

Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)

Why the Cutest: Finding a cat representative in the United States of Cuteness is especially difficult. While South America has plenty of cute felines, most North American wild cats aren’t exactly cute as adults. Far from it in fact. Yet, given that the US of Cuteness needs a cat, the Ocelot is a key shoo-in. Especially given its small critically endangered population in Texas’ Rio Grande Valley that really desperately needs saving. Nonetheless, unlike the other wild cats in North America, the Ocelot resembles an adorable-looking miniature jaguar you could cuddle (but please don’t since it’s a fierce and unpredictable predator that should remain wild). Its coat is a gorgeous camouflaged fur with unique rosettes, spots, and stripes. It’s also only twice the size of a domestic cat with kitten-like proportions making it look endlessly playful. It even loves climbing trees, leaping through foliage, as well as displays high energy and curious expressions.

Lifespan: Usually live 7-10 years in the wild, sometimes even as long as 12. Can live up to 20 years in captivity. Causes of death are predation, vehicle collisions, disease, and habitat loss. Predators include cougars, coyotes, American alligators, great horned owls, bobcats, feral dogs, feral pigs, crotalid pit vipers, jaguars, and colubrid constrictors.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the Southwestern US to South America. Inhabits tropical forests, thorn forests, mangrove swamps, and savannas. Often prefers a place near a water source, plenty of prey, and with adequate cover from predators.

Diet: Eats rodents, lagomorphs, armadillos, opossums, fish, crustaceans, insects, reptiles, and birds. Prefers smaller prey but rarely targets deer, peccaries, anteaters, monkeys, and iguanas.

Behavior: Is usually solitary, nocturnal, and territorial but often wakes up in the late afternoon. While juveniles sometimes interact with their parents and adults may contact each other at communal latrines. During the day, it rests on trees, in dens below trees, or other cool, sheltered sites on the ground. Can breed at any time throughout the year but mating season is usually in the fall and winter. Those in South America breed in the summer. Uses long range “yowl” and a short range “meow” during that time. Females typically produce 2-3 kittens per litter. Kittens remain with mother for 2 years. Scent marks its territory with urine. Uses scent trails to find prey and may wait at a site for 30-60 minutes before moving on.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concerned but considered Critically Endangered in the United States due to past hunting practices, habitat loss, agricultural development, the fur trade, the pet trade, deforestation, poaching of prey animals, and traffic accidents. In 2014, it was said there were only 50-80 individuals in Texas resulting in increased inbreeding and low genetic diversity. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and The Nature Conservancy are active in its conservation such as protection and vegetation regeneration in the Rio Grande Valley. While reintroduction efforts are taking place on private lands. There is even a captive breeding program of this animal in Brazil in partnership with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Its Central and South American populations are more stable, but conservation measures are still necessary, especially since many live in the Amazon Rainforest. As of 2026, it’s said its global population is decreasing.

Trivia: Has 4 subspecies. Is efficient at climbing, leaping, and swimming. Has been depicted in pre-Columbian artwork and mythology. Bones were once used in ritual blood letting and for piercing ears.

Other Candidates: Raccoon, North American River Otter, White-Nosed Coati, Ringtail, Gray Fox, Red Fox, and Texas-Horned Lizard.

44. Utah

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Why the Cutest: It’s the smallest fox in North America. Said to be the American equivalent of the Fennec Fox. Being the size of a small house cat, the Kit Fox comes off as a jacked version of a Chihuahua. It has huge, striking ears helping it prey in the dark and release body heat to remain cool in hot deserts. Not to mention give it an endearing look. While its soft, grayish tan fur helps it smoothly blend into sandy, arid landscapes. Its small build, slender frame, and delicate features make it permanently resemble a playful puppy. Whie it has fuzzy fur on its paw pads to protect itself from the hot desert sand. Still, despite its adorable appearance, it’s a tough nocturnal hunter.

Lifespan: Typically lived 5-6 years but can live 10-12 years in captivity. 74% of pups die the first year. Predators include coyotes, golden eagles, large hawks, bobcats, and American badgers.

Location and Habitat: Lives western North American as north as Oregon to as south as northern Mexico. Resides in desert scrub, chaparral, halophytic regions, and grasslands. Can be found in agricultural areas, especially orchards as well as even inhabit urban areas. Found 1,300 – 6,200ft above sea level.

Diet: Is an opportunistic omnivore and scavenger but is chiefly carnivorous. Eats Merriam’s kangaroo rat, lagomorphs, insects, rodents, birds, reptiles, carrion, fish, tomatoes, cactus fruits, and black-tailed jack rabbits. Can eat human food as well.

Behavior: Is mostly nocturnal and sometimes crepuscular, escaping heat stress during the day by resting in an underground den. Is a solitary forager but lives in pairs or in small family groups. Uses dens for daytime resting, escaping predators, preserving moisture, as well as carrying and rearing young. Digs its own dens but will repurpose burrows of other animals like badgers, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, and kangaroo rats. Also, caches food. Has dens spread across its home range and uses more than 11 of them a year. Is socially monogamous and sticks with its mate throughout the year though polygamous arrangements have been observed. Mating season is typically from September to February with females selecting and retrofitted, mating pairs are established, and actually mating ensues. Females typically produce 4-5 kits per litter with a roughly even sex ratio. Both parents contribute to raising the young.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but its San Joaquin subspecies is currently seen as Endangered due to habitat loss. Still, numbers have been decreasing in recent years.

Trivia: Has 8 subspecies. Smallest native fox in North America. Unlike most canids, it pants at a rate proportional to the ambient temperature before the rate exceeds the resonant frequency. In doing so, it exercises the economics of water at the cost of energy. Although not as speedy as it appears, its small size, cryptic coloration, and incredibly ability to evade and change directions provides that illusion.

Other Candidates: American Pika, Least Chipmunk, Utah Prairie Dog, and Uinta Ground Squirrel.

45. Vermont

Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus)

Why the Cutest: It’s an exceptionally adorable fluffy mammal, especially during its winter “snow bunny” phase. Its large hind feet are covered in thick fur, allowing it to easily hop over deep snowbanks without sinking. Its summer coat is reddish brown to match the forest floor dirt. When winter comes, it turns into a fluffy, pure white “snow bunny.” Add its big dark eyes, twitchy nose, and long ears tipped with soft black or brown markings. And unlike typical newborn rabbits, its babies are born fully furred with open eyes and can hop around almost immediately.

Lifespan: Usually live 1-2 years in the wild with 85% dying within its first year due to harsh conditions and heavy predation. Though some individuals have lived as many as 5. Can live up to 8 in captivity. Canada lynx is its main predator whose relationship has been used as a case study of relationships between predators and prey in biology classes in regards to its population cycles. Other predators include foxes, bobcats, fishers, martens, long-tailed weasels, minks, domestic cats, domestic dogs, coyotes, cougars, owls, wolves, red-tailed hawks, American goshawks, corvids, buteonine hawks, and black bears.  

Location and Habitat: Lives in northern North America from Alaska to the Appalachian and Rocky Mountain ranges. Resides in areas with dense plant coverage such as boreal forests, upper montane forests and wetlands, agricultural land, uplands, second-growth forests with dense, bushy understories, coniferous and mixed forests, shrubby oil field areas, early to mid-successional burns, shrub swamps, bogs, clear-cut areas, and upper montane krumholz vegetation.

Diet: Eats buds, twigs, evergreen needles, bark, carrion, herbs, berries, fruits, nuts, ferns, flowers, forbs, leaves, grasses, and woody plants.

Behavior: Is nocturnal and crepuscular, shy, and secretive. Avoids open areas during bright moon phases, especially during the winter. Spends most of the day in shallow depressions called forms, scraped up under clumps of ferns, brush thickets, and downed piles of wood. Breeding season spans from December to August in which it’s diurnal. Females typically produce 2-4 offspring per litter, which could be 2-3 a year depending on cycle. Siblings stay with each other during the day and gather each evening to nurse after leaving their natal home. Is active year-round and feeds at night.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but is vulnerable to climate change which can leave it more vulnerable to predators in its white phase. Doesn’t help that it’s actually something of a keystone species in its environment. So if its numbers crash, it might spell doom for other species.

Trivia: Has 15 subspecies. Gets its name from its large hind feet, which prevent it from sinking into soft snow, much like snowshoes. Has 2 seasonal coats for camouflage: short brown fur in the summer and long white coat for winter.

Other Candidates: Stoat, Black-Capped Chickadee, North American River Otter, Eastern Chipmunk, Red Fox, and North American Porcupine.

46. Virginia

Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)

Why the Cutest: Rocket “Rocky” J. Squirrel is one and is the mascot for a minor league team in Richmond, Virginia. Graceful in flight but a very clumsy walker, this flying ball of fluff has huge dark eyes, soft gray-brown fur, and loose skin to enable its gliding from tree to tree. Not to mention, it loves to cuddle with friends and family during long, harsh winters.

Lifespan: Typically live around 3-6 years in the wild and 10-15 years in captivity. Predators include snakes, owls, hawks, raccoons, and domestic cats.

Location and Habitat: Lives in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States with small pockets in Mexico and Central America. Resides in deciduous and mixed woods, preferably in places in abundant hickory and beech trees. Can live in suburban areas, but not in great numbers.

Diet: Eats fruits and nuts from trees like red and white oak, hickory, and beech. Also snacks on insects, buds, mushrooms, mycorrhizal fungi, carrion, bird eggs, nestlings, and flowers.

Behavior: Like most flying squirrels, it’s nocturnal. Produce 2 litters of 2-7 young each year. Stores food, especially acorns for winter consumption. If it’s on the ground and in danger, it prefers to hide over trying to escape. Nests in natural cavities and woodpecker holes which it builds with twigs. Is highly social and has been observed flying in large groups. Often crowd in dens, especially as temperatures decline during the colder months. Although it prefers relatives, it’s tolerant of non-related but familiar neighbors, especially when it means better heat retention and a wider mate selection. But often fly and cache solo during the summer months.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but often sensitive to forest disturbances than previously believed.

Trivia: Has 11 subspecies. Has substantial homing abilities and can return to its nest if artificially removed to distances up to a kilometer. Exposure to these critters has been linked to cases of epidemic typhus. Can also be host to Rickettsia prowazekii bacteria and transmission to humans is said to occur via aerosolized feces and fleas associated with G. volans. Doesn’t actually fly but glide using a loose skin membrane called a patagium. Can initiate glides with a running start or from a stationary position by bringing its limbs under its body, retracting its head, and then propelling itself off the tree. It’s believed it uses triangulation to estimate the landing area’s distance as it leans out and pivots from side to side before jumping. Once in the air, it spreads its long arms forward and out, causing its membrane to stretch into a square-like shape and glide down at angles of 30 and 40 degrees. Can maneuver with great efficiency in the air and make 90-degree turns around if obstacles if necessary. Just before reaching a tree, it raises its flattened tail to abruptly change trajectory upward, and point all its limbs forward; creating a parachute effect with a membrane in order to reduce the landing shock. While limbs absorb the impact’s remainder, and it immediately runs to the trunk’s other side to avoid any potential predators.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Eastern Chipmunk, Least Weasel, Virginia Opossum, Red Fox, and Eastern Cottontail.

47. Washington

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Why the Cutest: Washington is home to one of the more successful sea otter reintroduction programs which began from 59 in 1969-1970 near La Push and Port Grenville to as many as 2,000 as of 2017 with range extending to as south as Cape Flattery, as north and east as Pillar Point along the Straight of Juan de Fuca. But the population is almost exclusively on the state’s outer shore. Today its protected range is known as the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Nonetheless, the Sea Otter is widely considered to be one of the cutest animals because of its playful behaviors, fluffy coats, and unique habits. With nearly a million hairs per square inch, it has the thickest fur of any animal that keeps it warm and gives babies a fuzzy, cork-like floatie coat. Its large eyes, round whiskers, and puffy cheeks trigger human care instincts and melt hearts. While its small paws let it grasps items like a human child. It holds hands while sleeping in groups so no one drifts apart in the water. It has loose folds of skin under its arms acting as pockets to store its favorite rocks or food while diving. Mothers wrap their pups in kelp strands to keep them from floating away. It even smashes hard shells using its favorite stone tucked into its armpit. Sure, it may be an apex predator that treats the sea as its own all you can eat seafood buffet. But it’s so cuddly like a stuffed animal that the only thing it’ll take from you is your heart.

Lifespan: Usually live 10-20 years in the wild, sometimes as many as 23. In captivity, it can live longer than that. Only 25% of pups survive their first year. While worn teeth may account for shorter lifespans. Predators include orcas, sea lions, bald eagles, coyotes, great white sharks, and wolves. Susceptible to cat parasites and the H1N1 virus.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean, which is as north as Alaska and as south as Mexico.

Diet: Is considered an apex predator and said to eat over 100 prey species. Eats fish, clams, snails, sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers, fat innkeeper worms, crustaceans, chitons, snails, abalones, limpets, crabs, octopuses, and the occasional seabird.

Behavior: Is diurnal but rests at mid-day and dusk after foraging and feeding, with a possible evening run at night. Females with pups are more likely to feed at night. Spends much of its time grooming and maintaining its fur in a way that resembles scratching but isn’t. Often rolls in the water, apparently washing food from its fur. Hunts in short dives, often to sea floor, which typically lasts for a minute and no more than 4. Although it often forages alone since its juvenile stage, it rests within single-sex groups called a raft, which could range from 10-100 members. May wrap itself in kelp to keep itself from drifting out to sea while eating or resting. Peak mating is usually during summer and early autumn but can mate any time of year. Is polygynous. Mating behavior amongst pairs can be playful and aggressive. A male often hold the female’s head or nose with their jaws during copulation, often leaving scars on her face. In some severe cases, this trauma could kill her. Females usually produce a single pup, whom the mother licks to fluff so it floats and can’t dive. Females are known to be very attentive mothers and are often seen carrying a dead pup for days after it expires. They can also care for orphan pups as well.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Endangered due to once extensively being hunted for its fur, pollution, climate change, poaching, conflicts with fisheries, overfishing, orca predation, and low genetic diversity. Although reintroductions and translocations have proven successful since the animal now occupies 2/3 of its historical range, the population has seen declines in recent years and one bad thing could undue decades of hard work to save the species.

Trivia: Has 3 subspecies. Is one of the heaviest of the weasel family but one of the smallest marine mammals. Has no blubber and relies on exceptionally thick fur to keep warm. With 970,000 hairs per square inch, it has the densest fur of any animal. Fur consists of long waterproof guard hairs and short underfur with guard hairs keeping dense underfur dry. Oil glands help matt out its fur and keep it from holding air. Fur is gradually replace as it’s shed. Has nostrils and ears that can close. Has fully webbed, broadly flattened hind feet for swimming propulsion. Front paws have short, retractable claws with tough pads on paws to grab slippery prey. Tail is short, thick, slightly flattened, and muscular. Has highly sensitive whiskers. Has large kidneys to enable it to derive fresh water from sea water and excrete concentrated urine. Can hold its breath underwater for 5 minutes. Only marine mammal capable of lifting and turning over rocks and catches fish with its forepaws rather than its teeth. Has a loose pouch under its forelegs to store food. Is among one of the few animal species to use tools, usually comprising of rocks. Considered a keystone species since it keeps the population of certain animals in check within the kelp forests, which are extremely productive ecosystems. Reintroductions of these critters have drastically improved the health of kelp forests. Yet, it also improved diversity in mussel beds and seagrass meadows, too. Has held special importance in many indigenous cultures and folklore. Has become an icon for environmental conservation since the 1970s.

Other Candidates: Orca, Olympic Marmot, American Pika, Pacific Marten, and North American River Otter.

48. West Virginia

American Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

Why the Cutest: It’s a tiny energetic rodent famous for its rust-red coat and very cute alert appearance that you’d find in a childhood storybook. Its dark, round eyes feature soft, white eye rings. Whether excited or annoyed, it makes squeak, chattering noises. And while it may look sweet and fluffy, it very brave and very protective of its territory. Who wouldn’t want to cuddle with a squirrel like this though?

Lifespan: Usually live up to 3 years, sometimes as long as 8. Only 22% survive the first year. Predators include Canada lynx, bobcat, coyote, great horned owl, American Goshawk, red-tailed hawk, American Crow, American marten, Pacific marten, red fox, gray fox, wolf, and weasel.

Location and Habitat: Found in North America from Alaska to as south as the southern Rocky Mountains. Resides in conifer and mixed forests.

Diet: Eats pinecone seeds, evergreen buds, spruce needles, mushrooms, willow leaves, poplar buds and catkins, bearberry flowers and berries, bird eggs, and snowshoe hare leverets.

Behavior: Is diurnal, solitary, asocial, and highly territorial. Doesn’t interact with its own species save during mating or interacting with young. Creates a cache of food called a midden that could be as large as 39ft across and could be filled with hundreds of pinecone seeds. Females are spontaneous ovulators and will be chased by several males in an extended mating chase once she reaches estrus. She’s said to mate with 4-16 males. Females produce 3-4 young per litter once a year. Sometimes occasionally skips one. Nests are build from grass within tree branches or dug from witch’s broom, which is abnormally dense vegetation growth resulting from a rust disease or cavities in trunks. Has several nests within its territory and females with young often move between them. Juveniles may receive midden and territory from its mother but it’s rare. But young often don’t stray from their mothers after reaching maturation. Often leaving their mom’s territory during the day and returning at night.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern and has been known to be expanding its range into hardwood forests.

Trivia: Has 25 subspecies.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, West Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel, Virginia Opossum, and Eastern Chipmunk.

49. Wisconsin

American Badger (Taxidea taxus)

Why the Cutest: Sure, it may look like its European counterpart on meth. But since Wisconsin is the Badger State who are we to judge? Anyway, the American Badger is a stocky, low-slung digging machine that can look surprisingly adorable with its chunky body, wide face, and curious expressions. Yet, has the reputation as a notoriously fierce badass in the wild. Its wide, flattened body gives its sturdy and unique look. Its single white nose-to-head stripe and dark eye patches gives it distinct, memorable features. Its babies are energetic, mischievous, and clumsy, showing very playful conduct before growing into crouching little badasses we know and love. Its front legs act like built-in shovels for deep burrowing. Not to mention its no-nonsense attitude and will quickly show its teeth when threatened. It’s no wonder that Wisconsin has it as it’s state mammal and calls itself the Badger State.

Lifespan: Typically lives 4-10 years in the wild, with some exceptional individuals living as long as 14. Can live15-26 years in captivity. Has a 35-80% first-year mortality rate. Predators include golden eagles, coyotes, bobcats, bears, gray wolves, and cougars.

Location and Habitat: Lives in much of the North America West of the Appalachian Mountains from southern Canada to Mexico. Resides in grasslands and prefers prairie regions with sandy loam soils where it could dig more easily for its prey. But can live in parklands, farms, and other treeless areas with friable soil and an adequate supply of rodent prey. Can also be found in forest glades, meadows, marshes, brushy areas, open chaparral, hot deserts, and mountain meadows, even at elevations as high as 12,000ft.

Diet: Eats pocket gophers, ground squirrels, moles, marmots, prairie dogs, pikas, woodrats, kangaroo rats, voles, rattlesnakes, snakes, bank swallows, burrowing owls, lizards, amphibians, carrion, fish skunks, insects, corn, peas, green beans, mushrooms, and sunflower seeds.

Behavior: Is generally nocturnal but will forage in areas with no human encroachment, especially during the spring. Uses a scratch digging process where it withdraws its forelimbs to break soil and move debris behind to the sides of its body. Spends much of the winter in torpor cycles lasting 29 hours at a time and emerges from its burrow whenever the temperature is above freezing. Could work in tandem with coyotes while hunting. Expends less energy while hunting in burrows underground. Is solitary but its known to expand its territory during breeding season. Mating season is late summer and early fall. Some males breed with more than one female. Females typically produce 1-5 young but usually 3. Dens usually measure about 4ft and 10ft by depth and 4ft by 6ft in width. May dig and reuse burrows when food is plentiful.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but some subspecies are seen as endangered due to habitat loss, especially in Canada and California. Have been trapped by humans for pelts and fur has been used for paint and shaving brushes.

Trivia: Has 4 subspecies. Mascot for the University of Wisconsin. Its abandoned burrows could be occupied by other animals like foxes, skunks, burrowing owls, tiger salamanders, and California red-legged frogs. Has long claws and thick skin.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, American Beaver, Red Fox, and Wood Duck.

50. Wyoming

Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes)

Why the Cutest: When it was thought to be extinct, a residue of these cuties was Meeteetsee, Wyoming in 1981 and has been the center of its conservation ever since. Nonetheless, this is a famously adorable carnivore known for its distinct “Zorro” facial mask as well as its playful and energetic behavior. Aside from its trademark facial markings, its dark feet look like dark matching socks. When energetic, it performs an energetic “war dance” accompanied by chirps and barks.  

Lifespan: Usually lives 1-3 years in the wild and 4-6 in captivity. 50-70% juveniles die in their first year. Predators include great horned owls, golden eagles, coyotes, prairie falcons, ferruginous hawks, American badgers, prairie rattlesnakes, and bobcats. Susceptible to canine distemper, sylvatic plague, rabies, tularemia, and human influenza.

Location and Habitat: Lives in western North America from southern Canada to northern Mexico.

Diet: Primarily eats prairie dogs, small rodents, and lagamorphs. Resides in shortgrass prairie, mixed grass prairie, shrub steppe, sagebrush steppe, mountain grassland, and semi-arid grassland.

Behavior: Is nocturnal and solitary save for breeding and raising litters. Primarily hunts sleeping prairie dogs in their burrows. May remain inactive in burrows for up to 6 days at a time during winter. Peak activity is in late summer and early autumn when juveniles become independent. Adult females often occupy the same territory every year. Is likely polygynous with mating season falling in February and March. When both are in estrus, a male sniffs a female’s genital area and mounts her after a few hours passed before grasping her by the nape of the neck in copulation. Females produce 1-5 kits per litter. Uses prairie dog burrows for raising young, avoiding predators, and thermal cover.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Endangered due to declines in prairie dog populations, habitat loss, fur trade hunting, poisoning, oil and gas activities, inbreeding depression, and sylvatic plague. In fact, it was declared extinct in 1979. Until a residual population was discovered in 1981 in Meeteetsee, Wyoming.  Thanks to a captive program launched by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, it was successfully reintroduced into 8 US states, Canada and Mexico from 1991 to 2009. As of 2015, over 200 individuals are in the wild across 18 populations, with 4 self-sustaining populations in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Arizona.

Trivia: Used by Native Americans for religious rites and food. In 2021, scientists successfully introduced the animal’s first successful clone to the public, a female named Elizabeth Ann. Was once used to test the Covid 19 vaccine.

Other Candidates: White-Tailed Prairie Dog, American Pika, Pine Marten, Red Fox, and Yellow-Bellied Marmot.

The United States of Cuteness: Part 4 – New Mexico to South Carolina

While many of the entries feature the cute little creatures that we all know and love. Some may be of animals you may not have ever heard or seen. Maybe not even considered as cute. The ringtail isn’t much well known outside its western region, but it’s certainly an adorable creature that’s described as catlike but resembles a cross between a ring-tailed lemur and a small dog. While the American Kestrel is a colorful little falcon the size of a sparrow that you can’t resist if you see it up close. In this post, we’ll see ten more adorable little animals. You’ll meet a curly tailed creature with a keen nose in New Mexico, a little dumpster diving fiend in New York, a favorite marine mammal in North Carolina, a spiky little guy who just wants to be left alone in North Dakota, some birds in Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina, and a delightful loiterer in Rhode Island.

31. New Mexico

White-Nosed Coati (Nasua narica)

Why the Cutest: It’s a charming long-nosed relative of the raccoon known for its ringed tail and playful curiosity. Its long, twitchy nose can turn in almost any direction as it sniffs out food. It holds its long, ringed tail in the air like a fuzzy antenna. While females and their young travel in groups, clattering and exploring. Pups are remarkably playful, energetic, curious, and resemble a charming mix of raccoon and monkey. Yet, although you may want one, know that it’s highly intelligent, wild, and become extremely destructive or challenging as an adult. Nonetheless, looking at them, it’s no wonder it’s seen as Mexico’s answer to the raccoon.

Lifespan: Usually live as long as 7 years in the wild but can live as many as 14 in captivity. Predators include male coatis, snakes, foxes, jaguars, jaguarundis, and domestic dogs.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the American Southwest, Central America, and parts of South America. Inhabits wooded areas in tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests at elevations ranging from sea level to 9,800ft.

Diet: Eats lizards, rodents, fruits, carrion, insects, snakes and eggs.

Behavior: Adult males live solitary lives except during mating season. While adult females and their young live in family groups called bands with males getting kicked out when they hit 2. A single band could have as many as 20-30 members. A single male often mates with females within a single band, which usually takes place between January and March. Pregnant females separate from the band to build their nests on a tree or a rocky niche. Females produce 3-7 young per litter and rejoin the group once their young reach 6 weeks old. Mostly forages on the ground but can climb trees. Is diurnal. Can be a fierce fighter when threatened with its strong jaws, sharp canine teeth, fast scratching paws, and a thick hide sturdily attached to its muscles.

Conservation Status: Listed as Least Concern but considered endangered in New Mexico, likely due to habitat loss and hunting. Sometimes kept as a pet but is difficult to train, needs a vast enclosure, and must be watched at all times.

Trivia: Known pollinator of the balsa tree. Can communicate through chirping, snorting, or grunting sounds as well as uses simple postures and facial expressions to convey messages. Uses its tail for balancing. Has an acute sense of smell.

Other Candidates: Ringtail, Kit Fox, Elf Owl, American Pika, Greater Roadrunner, and Albert’s Squirrel.

32. New York

Raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Why the Cutest: Being the state that hosts New York City, what can be a better representative in the United States of Cuteness than an animal fondly remembered as a trash panda? As no showcase of cute American animals would ever be complete without it. Has human-like hands, a sneaky black facemask that makes it resemble a little bandit, and round baby-like features like big eyes and rounded faces. All these trigger our care instincts, making us see it as playful and friendly. While its slow, heavy walk and curious posture looks funny and sweet. It’s so adorable that far too many people can’t help but feed it despite that they certainly shouldn’t. Still, if a raccoon can make it in New York City, then it could make it anywhere.

Lifespan: Usually live 1-3 years in the wild and can live up to 20 years in captivity. Causes of death are traffic volume, hunting, weather severity, starvation, and disease. Predators include bobcats, coyotes, great horned owls, black bears, cougars, wolves, eagles, alligators, lynxes, and jaguars. Prone to diseases like distemper, rabies, tetanus, leptospirosis, listeriosis, tularemia, roundworm and others.

Location and Habitat: Lives in North and Central America from southern Canada to Panama. Inhabits sparsely wooded areas, lowland and deciduous forests with water and marshes, mountain ranges, prairies, coastal marshes, parks, suburbs, farms, and cities.

Diet: Eats insects, worms, crayfish, fish, eggs, fruits, birds, small mammals, nuts, seeds, and leftovers in municipal waste containers. Prefers to eat what it can easily get. Known to raid egg nests so much that it’s often removed from the areas. When food is abundant, it can develop strong preferences for certain foods.

Behavior: Although believed to be solitary, it’s now said to engage in sex-specific social behaviors. Females live in a “fission-fusion society,” sharing a common area and occasionally meeting at feeding and resting grounds. Unrelated males form loose social groups to maintain their position against foreign males during the mating season, which usually consists of no more than 4 individuals. Since some males may be aggressive to unrelated kits, mothers will isolate themselves from other raccoons until the kits are able to defend themselves. Although it’s said that 10-15% of them would do exactly the opposite of what’s expected. Is usually nocturnal but is sometimes active during the day to take advantage of available food sources. Mating season spans from late January to June. Males roam their home ranges in search of females with encounters happening at central meeting places. Every member of the male group usually mates and it’s said that 1/3 of females mate with more than one male. Females produce 2-5 young per litter. Males play no part in raising young. Females stay at their mother’s home range while males move at least 12 miles away in the fall. Though juveniles may share a den with their mothers during their first winter in colder areas. Prefers to shelter in tree hollows in old oaks and other trees but will use burrows dug by other animals, dense undergrowth, or tree crotches. In suburban and urban settings, it can sleep in nearby forests after foraging in settlement area. Can sleep in old hollow trees in gardens as well as cottages, garages, abandoned houses, and attics.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern. Considered invasive in Germany, Japan, and the former Soviet Union. Although it was hunted during the fur trade. Unlike most of the animals in this series, its population in the US has greatly increased that there were 15-20 times more raccoons in the 1980s than there were in the 1930s when it was comparatively rare. Some are even kept as pets but are seen more unruly and less trustworthy than skunks. Though some of its subspecies are considered as endangered while others are almost certainly anything but. In fact, it’s often seen as a pest in many areas that’s said to overturn trash cans, raided fruit trees, crop damage, property destruction, and raiding poultry houses.

Trivia: Has 22 subspecies. Has hyper-sensitive front paws. Said to be colorblind but good at seeing green light and can see well at night. Said to be smarter than foxes. Can remember solutions to tasks for at least 3 years. May actually not have existed beyond the easter US, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes since it’s not mentioned by early pioneers exploring the central or north central parts of the US, suggesting that it may have taken over the lower 48 after the American Civil War. Yet its presence in Indian mythology and petroglyphs suggest a wide geographic range before white settlers arrived.

Other Candidates: Black-Capped Chickadee, Eastern Chipmunk, Eastern Cottontail, Virginia Opossum, Eastern Bluebird, American Beaver, North American Otter, and Eastern Gray Squirrel.

33. North Carolina

Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Why the Cutest: Given that North Carolina is home to the beaches like the Outer Banks, you can’t go wrong by its cuteness representative being the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin. Since you can see it off its coastline all year long. It’s a playful, highly intelligent marine mammal known for its curved mouth that makes it appear like it’s always smiling. Its short, stubby snout and jawline creates a natural, friendly expression. Calves love riding on their mothers’ wake, leap out of the water, and play with sea vegetation like sargassum seaweed. Lives in tight groups called pods, often showing affectionate behaviors like rubbing against each other and communicating with clicks and whistles.

Lifespan: Usually live 40 years in the wild, sometimes even to 60. Can live 51 years in captivity. Predators include sharks, sting rays, and orcas.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Inhabit temperate, subtropical, and tropical waters.

Diet: Eats eels, squid, shrimp, and a wide variety of fish depending on location.

Behavior: Can breed throughout the year and is polygamous. Males form alliances and pair bonds to seek a estrus female then attempt to breed the most while keeping the other males away from the viable females. Sometimes separating the female from her own range.  Females bear a single calf every 3-6 years with a year-long gestation period. Lives in groups called pods that usually number about 15 but can vary from pairs to over 100 or even 1,000. Group structure depends on sex and age but may change depending on the group. Types of groups include nursery groups, juvenile groups, and groups of adult males. Male dolphins form pair bonds which tend to be the strongest. Females stay in their groups for most of their lives. Most social with group after eating which is usually afternoon or evening where it’s often seen engaging interactions such as play, vocalizations, and cooperative swimming behaviors. Grabs each other with their teeth in fights that can leave rake marks on their dorsal fins that many scientists use to identify them. Doesn’t chew its food but swallows it whole. Can hunt individually or within a pod, mainly through echolocation. Eats 10-20% of its body weight every day.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but still has suffered from whaling, dolphin hunting, pollution, and climate change.

Trivia: Has 10 subspecies. Has longest social memory of any non-human species. Popular in aquarium shows, TV shows, and movies. Has been trained by military to locate sea mines or detect and mark enemy divers like in the US Navy Marine Mammal Program. Sometimes cooperates with fishermen by driving fish toward them and eating whatever fish escape their nets. Use blowholes and nasal sacs to communicate through whistles, squeaks, and pulses vocalizations as well as gestures, postures, and physical contact. All used to convey information, reinforce social bonds, and coordinate group activities. Uses echolocation with high and low frequency sounds in order to locate prey. Can migrate up to 4,200 miles in a season.

Other Candidates: Carolina Chickadee, Eastern Chipmunk, Eastern Cottontail, Gray Fox, Virginia Opossum, Carolina Wren, and Eastern Bluebird.

34. North Dakota

North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)

Why the Cutest: With its waddling walk, expressive face, and chatty eating habits, the Northern Porcupine is a surprisingly adorable rodent that’s so much more than it seems on the surface. Sure it can make funny noises while munching on stuff. But despite being a slow-moving and chill waddler, it’s a highly intelligent survivor with massive “FAFO” energy when it comes to predatory defense. Should it survive a predatory attack, its spiky quills will make its adversary regret it for a very long time. Yet, it’s those very quills that allow it to live a long solitary life as a vegetarian minding its own business.

Lifespan: Can typically live up to 30 years in the wild if lucky. Causes of death are motor vehicles, predation, starvation, and falling out of trees. Predators include fishers, wolverines, coyotes, black bears, cougars, golden eagles, and great horned owls.

Location and Habitat: Lives throughout North America from Alaska to as south as Northern Mexico. In the US it primarily lives in New England and the West. Primarily resides in coniferous or mixed forests but could adapt to harsh environments, shrublands, and tundra.

Diet: Eats twigs, roots, stems, fruits, conifer needles, tree bark, and other vegetation. Loves salt and have been known for trying to eat road salt-covered boots left outside tents as well as sweat-soaked gloves and wooden tool handles.

Behavior: Make dens in hollow trees or rocky areas. Rests in trees in the summer. Is nocturnal. Doesn’t hibernate but sleeps in and stays close to its den during the winter. Lives a solitary life save when it’s a mother raising her young. During breeding season in the fall, females secrete a mucus and urine scent to attract nearby males to climb her tree. If another male approaches, the two fight for mating rights. Once one male succeeds, the female climbs down and they mate on the ground. Females often produce a single offspring and provides all the parental care. Porcupette leaves its mother the following fall.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern and widely considered as a pest. Though some subspecies are seen as endangered and in need of conservation like in Maryland and Mexico.

Trivia: Has 7 subspecies. Second-largest rodent in North America. Has about 30,000 quills covering its body except its face, underbelly, and feet. These are modified hairs formed into sharp, barbed hollow spines. Although primarily used for defense, it also serves to insulate its body during the winter and for swimming. Is near-sighted and slow-moving but has excellent hearing. Said to have an extraordinary ability to learn complex mazes and to remember them for at least 100 days. Also has a strong odor to warn away predators as well as display a white stripe down its back and make a cackling sound before it swings its tail to the attacker’s face. Quills can easily penetrate skin while their microscopic barbs make them difficult to remove, giving a predator a rather unfortunate moment that it will never forget. Quills used by Native Americans for basket and clothing decorations.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Stoat, Piping Plover, Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel, Red Fox, Black-Capped Chickadee, Eastern Goldfinch, Mountain Bluebird, Raccoon, Black-Footed Ferret, and American Beaver.

35. Ohio

Northern Parula (Setophaga americana)

Why the Cutest: It’s a tiny wood warbler known for bright colors, energetic movements, and big personality. The male has a gorgeous blue-gray back with a greenish yellow patch on the center along with a brilliant yellow throat and chest. Its cute eye crescents makes its eyes look large and bright. It also constantly flips, hops, and darts through tree canopies while foraging for insects. All of what makes one wonder why the Buckeye State won’t make it its own official state bird.

Lifespan: Longest recorded age in was 7 years. But since this bird is difficult to track in the wild and is usually not kept in captivity. Causes of death are predation and collision with manmade structures during migration season.

Location and Habitat: Breeds in southern Canada and the eastern US and winters in Central America and in the Caribbean. Primarily resides in forests and swamps, particularly those with high canopies, increased diversity, and good cover during breeding season. During the winter, it could live anywhere as long as it’s warm.

Diet: Mostly eats tree-dwelling invertebrates like spiders, grasshoppers, bugs, locusts, damselflies, aphids, beetles, flies, caterpillars, bees, wasps, and ants.

Behavior: Builds pendulum cup nests with moss, Spanish moss, or coniferous twigs, which can be suspended over water. Is mostly monogamous but incidents of polygamy have been reported. Mating season lasts from March to May. Females lay 3-7 eggs per clutch and can raise more than one brood of chicks per season.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but population has suffered due to habitat loss and air pollution.

Trivia: Captures prey from vegetation using a hover-glean method but can use a variety of foraging methods.

Other Candidates: Raccoon, North American River Otter, Eastern Bluebird, and Red Fox.

36. Oklahoma

Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)

Why the Cutest: This is a small, round, charming bird is known for its chunky body, small head, and cheerful “bob-white” whistle. Its short round body and short tails give it a cute, compact look. Males sports a sharp black and white pattern on its head. While both sexes have brown, reddish, and buff camouflage. Outside the breeding season, it hangs out in cozy groups called coveys, often roosting and circling together. Then there’s the famous “bob-white” whistle.

Lifespan: Usually live 6 months to a year and can live up to 6 years in the wild. Said that 75-80% of the population dies or is replaced annually. Causes of death are predation, harsh winters, deep snow, and habitat loss. Predators include foxes, raccoons, skunks, opossums, bobcats, hawks, harriers, owls, snakes, and feral hogs.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the Eastern US to the Midwest down to the Caribbean and Mexico. Resides in agricultural fields, grassland, open wooded areas, roadsides, and wood edges.

Diet: Eats snails, ticks, grasshoppers, beetles, spiders, leafhoppers, berries, seeds, partridge peas, and cultivated grains.

Behavior: Is shy and elusive. Crouches and freezes when threatened, relying on camouflage to stay undetected. But flies low if closely disturbed. Is generally solitary and mates early in the year. Family groups are common in the summer. Winter roosts may have as many as 10-30 birds in a single covey. Practices ambisexual polygamy.  Females lay 8-25 eggs per clutch. Can brood through kidnapping, adopting, creching, and gang brooding. Nests on the ground in a small depression lined with grass and leaves with a cover.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Near Threatened due to habitat loss, hunting, changing farming practices, pesticides, and brush fires. Numbers have declined 85% from 1966 to 2014. Population decline is wide range and continuing. Thus, it’s become a high priority for conservation.

Trivia: Has 20 subspecies. Gets its name from its cheerful “bob-white” call.

Other Candidates: Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, North American River Otter, and Scissor-Tail Flycatcher.

37. Oregon

Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)

Why the Cutest: It’s a charming, plump songbird with striking colors, bright red eyes, and endearing hopping habits. Its bold, ruby-red eyes sharply stand out against its dark hood. Its sleek black or dark brown back is covered with cute white spots. Sports warm, rust-orange sides that resemble a soft vest next to a clean white belly. When searching for food in the dirt, it does a funny, double-footed backward hop kicking leaves like a tiny, feathery tractor. While it makes quirky, whiny, mewing sounds adding to its playful personality.

Lifespan: Can live up to 11 years in the wild. But usually lives a shorter life due to predation, weather, and disease. So it’s more likely 9-12 years. Predators include snakes and domestic cats.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the western part of North America from southern Canada to Mexico. Some migrate and some don’t. Resides primarily in dry upland forests, open forests, brushy fields, wetland and riparian forests, coastal sage scrub, chaparrals, and urban areas.

Diet: Eats insects, ground dwelling beetles, spiders, other arthropods in a leaf litter, acorns, oats, and berries. Will frequent bird feeders.

Behavior: Nests either on the ground or in low bushes and often in exposed areas. Nest is made from leaves, bark strips, twigs, forb stalks, and grasses as well as lined with pine needles, shredded bark, grass, and sometimes hair. Is monogamous. Females produce 3-5 eggs at least twice a breeding season. Nests are parasitized by cowbirds.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern.

Trivia: Has 21 subspecies.

Other Candidates: American Beaver, Sea Otter, American Pika, North American River Otter, Western Snowy Plover, Killdeer, Tree Swallow, Loggerhead Shrike, and Red Fox.

38. Pennsylvania

Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea)

Why the Cutest: This tiny, delicate songbird is a little puffball that many would never see in their backyards but wish they would. Since it’s an insectivore that lives in the treetops. The male is cerulean blue on top with dark streaks, white underparts, bold white wingbars, and a thin black “necklace” across the breasts. Kind of resembles something of a little blue jay. The female is soft blue-green with muted turquoise with a pale eyebrow and yellow wash below. Which by avian female beauty standards is rather stunning. Though you may be unable to see one very often, you might be able to hear its lively, buzzy, 3-part ascending song. But do bring your binoculars if you want to see one up close. In addition, it’s a intrepid traveler since it winters in South America every year, earning more frequent flier miles than many migratory birds in this series.

Lifespan: Typically lives 4-7 years in the wild. Predators include raccoons, squirrels, chipmunks, snakes, chipmunks, and blue jays. Susceptible to blood parasites.

Location and Habitat: Breeds in eastern North America from southern Canada to the US northeast and Great Lakes regions. Winters northern South America within Colombia and Venezuela. Resides primarily in large, unfragmented deciduous hardwood forests. Migrates 3,100 miles between its breeding and non-breeding ranges.

Diet: Primarily eats insects.

Behavior: Males use songs to mark territory and attract mates. Females rarely sing but call when nesting. Is monogamous but can engage in extra-pair copulation. So males engage in mate guarding during periods of foraging, nest building, and nest site selection. Females lay 3-5 eggs once a year. Nests and forages near treetop canopies. Nests in over an area where there’s an empty space for at least 3.3ft or more. Nest is made from tree bark, grasses, and lichens woven together using spider thread and caterpillar silk. Females can attack other females and destroy their nests. Male-on-male attacks can result one falling from heights at 66ft. Both parents build the nest and rear the chicks. Nests could be parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds. Can share space with mixed-species flocks.

Conservation Status: Listed as Near Threatened and is said to be the fastest declining neotropical migrant songbird and warbler species in the US. This is due to change in farming techniques, nest parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird, and deforestation. Has a high level of concern in Pennsylvania.

Trivia: Song is a buzzed, accelerating zray zray zray zray zeeee. Can imitate other birds’ songs.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Eastern Bluebird, Eastern Cottontail, Eastern Chipmunk, Snowshoe Hare, Red-Backed Salamander, Groundhog, Raccoon, Northern Flying Squirrel, North American Beaver, and Virginia Opossum.

39. Rhode Island

Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Why the Cutest: No series of animal cuteness would be complete without including a seal given its clumsy waddling on land, relaxing resting positions on the coasts, and dog-like curiosity compelling it to playfully investigate divers and kayakers. Only problem is that while most seals and sea lions are irresistibly cute as pups, that’s not the case when they grow up. Still, this 6ft long and 285 sausage of blubber is a charming marine mammal with its large, soulful eyes, rounded head, and dog-like snout. And who can’t resist those seal pups? Helps that this pinniped is Rhode Island’s official state marine mammal, too.

Lifespan: Typically lives around 20-35 years.  Predators include killer whales and large sharks.

Location and Habitat: Lives along temperate and Arctic coastlines within the Northern Hemisphere. Resting sites could be rugged, rocky coasts or sandy beaches. Frequently congregate in harbors, bays, sandy intertidal zones, and estuaries. Swallows food whole.

Diet: Eats fish such as salmon, shad, menhaden, anchovy, herring, mackerel, hake, cod, whiting and flatfish. Also eats shrimp, crabs, octopus, squid, and ducks.

Behavior: Prefers frequent familiar resting sites but could spend several days at sea and travel as many as 50 km but normally doesn’t swim farther than 20 km offshore. Could swim up to a hundred miles up fresh water in large rivers in search of migratory fish like shad and salmon. Can dive as deep as 500 m. Is a solitary when on the water but gregarious when hauled out and during breeding season. Breeding season is usually from February to July. Mating system is unknown but is often thought to be polygamous. Courtship and mating occur underwater. It’s said that males gather together, turn on their backs, put their heads together, and call to attract females ready for breeding. Females give birth to a single pup each year on shore. Pups are well-developed as well as capable of swimming and diving within hours.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern. Although some local populations have been threatened due to distemper, conflicts with humans, commercial fishing, pollution, hunting, and climate change.

Trivia: Molts shortly after breeding. Uses non-harmonious vocalizations to maintain breeding territory, attract mates, and during mother and pup interactions.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Red Fox, Eastern Chipmunk, New England Cottontail, and Eastern Cottontail.

40. South Carolina

Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus)

Why the Cutest: For one, it’s South Carolina’s state bird. This is a tiny, energetic ball of fluff with a round, chubby body, a long curved bill, and a tail sticking straight up like a brown little teapot. Its plump body and perky, upright tail gives it a charming, humorous silhouette. Often acts very bold and curious, often hopping close to people or peeking into flowers and garage doors. Yet, despite being small, it sings a loud tea-kettle, tea-kettle song that sounds huge for its tiny size.

Lifespan: Can live as long as 6 years and 90% live less than a decade. Mortality peaks during winter. Susceptible to blowfly parasites and mercury poisoning. Predators include blue jays, domestic cats, timber rattlesnakes, black rat snakes, and raccoons.

Location and Habitat: Lives in eastern North America from southern Canada to coastal Mexico. Reside in a variety of habitats such as woodlands, riparian forests, brushy edges, swamps, overgrown farmland, suburban yards with abundant thick shrubs and trees, and parks. Has an affinity for unkempt yards and dilapidated buildings.

Diet: Eats beetles, bugs, grasshoppers, katydids, spiders, ants, bees, wasps, small lizards, tree frogs, fruit pulp, and seeds. Known to frequent bird feeders.

Behavior: Males sing year-round at any point during the daytime except during the harshest weather conditions. Repertoire consists of at least 20 different phrase patterns and on average 32. Song could be repeated 12 times but repetition is usually 2 or 3. Mate selection is determined by size an tail length in males and wing length in females. Song degradation is used to signal presence of a threat. Tail fanning and wing drooping could be courtship or antagonistic signaling. Moves in jerky hops pillaging through various objects, manmade or natural. When abruptly moving, it pauses for chatter or singing. When stationary, it moves in twitched motions. Can crawl and hang from trees upside down. Flights are generally short, rapid, low-level, and wavelike. Usually mates for life. Males are responsible for guarding territory. Though females can maintain one without a mate to varying success. Nests are arch-shaped with side entrance as well as built of dried plants, bark strips, horsehair, wool, string, and snake sloughs. Nests can be located in fragmented or complete tree cavities or in manmade structures like bird boxes, buildings, tin cans, mailboxes, pockets, hanging jackets in sheds, or tractors. Breeding season is from February to August. Females usually lay 3-6 eggs per clutch. Both parents participate in rearing the young.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as least concern but numbers have suffered due to cowbird parasitism,

Trivia: Has 10 subspecies. Is often wary and more likely to be heard than seen.

Other Candidates: Eastern Chipmunk, Eastern Cottontail, Marsh Rabbit, North American River Otter, Red Fox, Carolina Chickadee, Green Anole, Raccoon, and Striped Skunk.

The United States of Cuteness: Part 3 – Massachusetts to New Jersey

You may notice that many of these animals may be listed as Least Concern according by the IUCN Red List. But that doesn’t mean the species is necessarily okay as you’ll see in some of these other entries. IUCN designation is based on how well the species is doing globally. However, when it comes to how the species may be doing in the country, state, region, or locality, it may be a different picture. In this post, we’ll meet ten more animal cuties from these United States. You’ll meet a little birdie in Massachusetts, two little owls in Michigan and Nebraska, river animals in Minnesota and Mississippi, a feisty little falcon in Missouri, a chonky squirrel in Montana, a nightlife-loving creature in Nevada, a furry little murder machine in New Hampshire, and a tiny little turtle in New Jersey.

21. Massachusetts

Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)

Why the Cutest: For one, it’s Massachusetts’ state bird (also the state bird for Maine but that state has puffins). Second, alongside the Eastern Bluebird, it’s one of the cutest birds you’d find in your own backyard. With its oversized black and white had and small gray, tan, and white body, this little ball of fluff is the whole package. First, it can fly energetic acrobatic stunts like hang upside down while searching for food. Second, it’s fearless and curious. Frequently investigates people and can be coaxed into eating seeds right out of an open hand. Lastly, it emits a cheerful, distinct chick-a-dee-dee call brings life to backyards all year round.

Lifespan: Predators include owls, hawks, shrikes, raccoons, squirrels, opossums, house wrens, and snakes. Can be susceptible to West Nile virus, blood parasites, and avian keratin disorder.

Location and Habitat: Lives in southern Canada and the northern US as south as northern New Mexico and the Carolinas. Is nonmigratory. Inhabited in wooded areas like coniferous and deciduous forests, urban parks, willow thickets, and suburban areas.

Diet: Eats insects (especially caterpillars) as well as berries, seeds, and carrion from dead mammals.

Behavior: Forms mating pairs during late fall and into the winter. Is largely monogamous but some males nest with multiple females and females prefer dominant males. Nests largely in tree cavities that a mating pair excavates themselves, occurs naturally, reuses one once belonging to a woodpecker, or make themselves at home in a nest box. Females only build the nest which can comprise of coarse material like moss or bark strips along with a lining of finer material such as mammal hair. Nesting season lasts through April to June where females lay an average of 6-8 eggs usually once a year. Though they’d rear a second brood if the first is lost. Females incubate. Males go out to feed her and himself. Both parents feed the chicks. Has a dominance hierarchy with males over females and older experienced birds over younger. Flock together during the winter to forage and cache for food, even with different species.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern and its numbers are said to be increasing. Yet, threats include pesticide, domestic cats, and flying into windows.

Trivia: Has 9 subspecies. When the nest is disturbed, the female would hiss like a snake. Can interbreed with the Carolina Chickadee, Mountain Chickadee, and Boreal Chickadee. Molts during the summer. Has a complex system of vocalization with 16 distinct types used to convey an array of information.

Other Candidates: Harbor Seal, Striped Skunk, Eastern Chipmunk, New England Cottontail, Red Fox, and Viriginia Opossum.

22. Michigan

Northern Saw-Whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus)

Why the Cutest: This little guy lives in Michigan all year long and is the size of a robin. Its bright cartoon-like yellow eyes and soft facial discs on its oversized round head give it a perpetually startled and curious look. Its heavily, feathered legs make it resemble tiny, round balls of fluff. Often makes a tooting whistle sound. In fact, many see it as the cutest owl ever.

Lifespan: Typically lives 3-7 years in the wild with 4-5 years on average. But can live up to 16-17 years in captivity. Predators include martens, corvids, larger owls, and hawks.

Location and Habitat: Typically lives in North America with range stretching from southern Alaska to central Mexico. Prefers to reside in coniferous forests (ideally near wetlands during the breeding season) but can also be seen in mixed or deciduous woods.  Some are permanent residents. Some migrate down south or move to lower ground during the winter.

Diet: Mainly eats small animals with a strong focus on mammals such as mice, voles, shrews, squirrels, chipmunks, flying squirrels, moles, and bats. But will also eat sparrows, swallows, kinglets, chickadees, rock doves, frogs, crustaceans, and insects.

Behavior: Mate in pairs for the breeding season. Males sing from the nest site and cache food in them to attracts a female. Females laying 4-6 eggs in natural tree cavities or woodpecker holes. If it can’t find one due to competition from other woodland creatures, it would happily settle in a man-made nest box. Male does hunting while the female incubates her eggs. Females can have more than one clutch of eggs with different males. Once the offspring developed their feathers, the mother often leaves the father to finish the job while she finds another male to reproduce with in a practice known as sequential polyandry. Like most owls, it’s nocturnal. During the day, it’s completely still against the tree trunk, blending in to avoid notice.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern although climate change and habitat loss have led it to seek breeding areas further north with populations decreasing.

Trivia: Get its name due to some claiming its vocalizations sound like a saw being sharpened on a whetstone. Yet, has at least 11 different calls. Has excellent hearing and exceptional vision in low light. In fact, it can hunt in complete darkness on sound alone. Has comb-like wing edges allowing it to swoop down on prey completely undetected.

Other Candidates: North American Otter, Northern Flying Squirrel, Red Fox, and Eastern Chipmunk.

23. Minnesota

North American Beaver (Castor canadensis)

Why the Cutest: With a myriad of trees, lakes, wetlands, and rivers, Minnesota’s basically a beaver’s paradise. Its chunky body, expressive dark eyes, round faces with small ears and prominent teeth, tiny front paws, and wide flat tail compel many to consider it a highly adorable animal. Its kits also make high-pitched human like fussing sounds and playful noises while eating as well. They even engage in cute wrestling, carry sticks and groom each other. Helps that it builds things like lodges, dams, and canals as well as mates for life and takes care of its family and neighbors. The North American Beaver is the perfect cute animal to embody Minnesota for its landscape and its Midwest hospitality. Although it’s not without controversy since Oregon and New York have it as their state mammal. While Minnesota’s known as the Gopher State.

Lifespan: Usually lives up to 10-12 years in the wild, though some exceptional individuals have lived up to 20 years. Can also live 20-30 years in captivity. Predators include coyotes, wolves, mountain lions, black bears, wolverines, Canada lynxes, bobcats, foxes, golden eagles, and bald eagles.

Location and Habitat: Lives in Canada and most of the United States. Can reside in any wild space from southern Alaskan tundra to northern Mexican deserts. But it largely prefers a wild  forest with a water source that’s largely undisturbed by humans.

Diet: Is an herbivorous generalist that eats a mix of herbaceous and woody plants. Feeds on bark, cambium, branches, twigs, roots, buds, leaves, stems, sprouts, and even sap and storax. Aspens and poplars are preferred but will go for birch, maple, alder, black cherry, red oak, beech, ash, hornbeam, pine, sweetgum, and spruce. Also eats cattails, water lilies, and other aquatic vegetation.

Behavior: Is nocturnal. Breeding season lasts from December to May but peaks in January. Pairs are monogamous and stay together for multiple breeding seasons, if not for life. Females can have 3-6 kits per litter but usually 4-5 and make a soft bed in the lodge before the birth. Kits stay with family for 2 years before leaving to create their own homes. While both parents and adolescent siblings share responsibility in rearing the young kits. Uses flat, scaly tail to signal danger by slapping and as a location for fat storage. Builds its lodge out of sticks, twigs, rocks, and mud in lakes, streams, and tidal river deltas, which may be surrounded by water or if touching land, include burrows dug into the river banks. Also builds dams across streams as well as its lodge on the ponds the dam forms. When building a pond, it makes a stick pile and eats out one or more underwater entrances and 2 platforms above the water surface inside the pile. The first is used for drying off. Towards winter, it applies mud plaster which, when it freezes, has the same consistency as concrete. Dam is built by trees the beaver cut down along with rocks, grass, and mud. Cuts trees with strong incisor teeth and uses feet for digging, carrying, and placing materials. Builds canals by using forelimbs to push through soil and vegetation.

Conservation Status: Although listed as Least Concern, its numbers are nothing like the used to be thanks to the fur trade whose pelts were particularly prized for making hats and later led to the French and Indian War as well as habitat loss due to deforestation and development and climate change. Nonetheless, thanks to protection measures during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its numbers have recovered to 10-15 million but its not like the 100-200 million during colonial days. Can also be seen as pests when its ecological engineering poses risks to human structures and crop land. While it is considered invasive in South America and Europe where it was introduced for its fur.

Trivia: Is the national symbol of Canada. Has 25 subspecies. Largest rodent in North America. Communicate through scent marking, vocalization, and tail slapping. Is an excellent swimmer and may remain submerged for 15 minutes. Beaver ponds provide habitats for waterfowl, fish, and other aquatic animals as well as reduce soil erosion and help control flooding. But dams depend on a beaver’s continued presence and maintenance. Is considered a keystone species due to increasing biodiversity in its territory through creating ponds and wetlands. When wetlands form and riparian habitats expand, aquatic plants quickly colonize the watery habitat as animal diversity’s also expanded. Could expand lodges to accommodate other wildlife in its own rooms during the winter months.

Other Candidates: Pocket Gopher, North American River Otter, Least Weasel, Ermine, Pine Marten, Eastern Chipmunk, Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel, and Red Fox.

24. Mississippi

North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)

Why the Cutest: Given that Mississippi borders the river that bears its name, it’s a state that’s filled with rivers, streams, and swamps with a little bit of coastline. Mississippi State even has a website called Otter Spotter where people in the state could report otter sightings. With its curious eyes, small ears, long whiskers, little nose, long sausage body, and playful nature, it’s among the cutest animals in most states. In fact, its an animal that loves to play such as wrestle, slide on mud, chase others, and splash in the water.

Lifespan: Usually live 8-9 years in the wild, sometimes 12-13. Well, once it survives its first year and more than half of them typically don’t. Can also live 21-25 years in captivity. Predators include American alligator, American crocodile, killer whale, bobcat, cougar, coyote, domestic dog, wolf, American black bear, bald eagle, red fox, grizzly bear, and polar bear.

Location and Habitat: Lives throughout North America save the American southwest. Resides in a variety of aquatic habitats whether it be freshwater, coastal, or marine. Whether it be rivers, lakes, inland wetlands, coastal shorelines, marshes, and estuaries. Can tolerate a great range of elevation and temperatures. As long as its near a watershed and provides a steady food supply, it could live pretty much anywhere. But prefers such areas with rocks, vegetation, and sufficient cover.

Diet: Mostly eats fish and crustaceans but can also consume frogs, turtles, insects, birds, and some small mammals. So it basically has a rather well-rounded carnivorous diet.

Behavior: Known to be social but could survive on its own. Can hunt in pairs or alone. Loves to play with others, which creates social bonds, improves hunting skills, and marks territory. Not aggressively territorial but frequently scent-marks certain spots to make its presence known.

Conservation Status: Although currently listed as Least Concern, its populations have greatly suffered due to the fur trade, climate change, habitat loss, and pollution. Although clean water regulations, furbearer management techniques, and reintroduction projects have reestablish populations throughout the country save the southwest. Lives in a holt or den often once constructed by other animals or in natural hollows. Den typically has one entrance leading to a nest chamber lined with leaves, grass, moss, bark, and hair. Females can give birth to 1-3 pups, sometimes as many as 5. Mothers raise their young without any male assistance. Although a pup may leave the den at 2 months old, it often stays with its family, which sometimes includes a father, until the following spring.

Trivia: Can effectively avoid predators since it can dive, burrow, twist, and turn its body for evasive attacks, allowing it survive attacks. Dense coat keeps it warm and dry in freezing temperatures.

Other Candidates: Mississippi Map Turtle, Southern Flying Squirrel, Red Fox, Eastern Cottontail, and Least Shrew.

25. Missouri

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Why the Cutest: A falcon often the size of a blue jay, it’s one of the most underrated American animals and should receive way more attention than it actually receives. This pocket-sized raptor is a colorful bird with an expressive face, large dark eyes, quirky habits such as bobbing its head and tail while perched, and fierce hunting prowess. The American Kestrel may be tiny but it’s a mighty little hunter that will greatly endear you and should at least receive its own nature documentary so millions can get to know and fall in love with it. Especially when it makes its “killy-killy-killy” call whenever territorial or excited. A remarkable, highly adaptable, and often overlooked bird of prey that deserves its day to shine in the spotlight.

Lifespan: Typically lives less 1-5 years in the wild with the oldest recorded age being 11. Can live 14-17 years in captivity. Predators include large snakes, domestic cats, domestic dogs, bigger birds of prey, foxes, bobcats, cougars, bears, and more.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the Americas from Alaska to Argentina save the Amazon Rainforest and parts of Chile. Some migrate. Some do not. Resides in a wide variety of habitats including grasslands, meadows, and deserts as well as other open or semi-open areas. As long as it includes perches, open hunting spaces, and nesting cavities. Can live in very diverse conditions from frozen Arctic tundra and high mountain elevations to tropical rainforests, arid deserts, and beaches. Can even live in urban and suburban areas as well.

Diet: Mainly eats small animals like grasshoppers, crickets, butterflies, moths, dragonflies, beetles, lizards, mice, voles, shrews, frogs, small birds, scorpions, snakes, and bats.

Behavior: Often mate for life while migratory kestrels often use previous nesting sites for consecutive years. Males perform elaborate dive displays to advertise their territory and attract a mate. This consists of several climbs and dives with 3-4 “klee” calls at their peaks. Nests in cavities but can adapt to a wide variety of nesting situations. Prefer natural cavities with closed tops and tight-fitting entrances that provide maximum egg and young protection. Can nest in large woodpecker holes or use abandoned nests built by other birds. Also commonly utilize nesting boxes. Females can lay around 3-7 eggs per clutch (but usually 4-5). Older kestrel pairs often produce more offspring than younger couples.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but have suffered greatly due to environmental stress from human development, use of agricultural chemicals and toxic run-off, pollution, climate change, and habitat loss. And while it’s the most abundant falcon in North America with 9.2 million recorded adults, it has experienced gradual but sustained declines in recent decades, especially in certain regions. But conservation efforts do exist such as the Peregrine Fund’s American Kestrel Partnership that was launched in 2012. This partnership develops and maintains a web-based network for citizen and professional scientists to enter, manage, and consolidate data from kestrel nest box monitoring programs within the Western Hemisphere. Nonetheless, it’s a bird that you likely saw in the wild at least once in your life although you may not remember it or what it exactly was when you saw it.

Trivia: Has 17 subspecies. Only kestrel in the Americas. Have been used in falconry and extensive toxicology research. Although falconers must know that despite being a beginner bird, it’s not easy to train. While hunting, it carefully chooses its battles to conserve energy and will move if its chance of prey success significantly declines. Preferred hunting method is perching and waiting for the food to come to them but can also hunt by kiting, which is the standard hovering in the air while scanning for prey. Bobs head and tail before making a strike.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Southern Flying Squirrel, Eastern Gray Squirrel, Virginia Opossum, Eastern Bluebird, and Red Fox.

26. Montana

Yellow-Bellied Marmot (Marmota flaviventer)

Why the Cutest: Sure, it’s not as adorable as the pygmy rabbit or the American Pika. But this Rocky Mountain critter is a chubby, alpine rodent known by names like “rock chuck” or “whistle pig” due to its loud whistling sounds to warn others of danger. Yet, at the same time, this big chonky ground squirrel loves the easy life of chomping on plants, sunning on boulders, and spending up to 8 months sleeping in its underground burrow. While young marmot pups are often very playful, often tumbling, nuzzling, and chasing each other around rock burrows.

Lifespan: Usually live up to 15 years, which is unusually high for an animal its size. That is if it’s lucky enough to survive its first year, which only half do. Predators include foxes, coyotes, wolves, and eagles.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the semi-arid and mountainous areas of the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Great Basin, usually at elevations above 6,500ft. Inhabits steppes, meadows, talus fields, valleys, foothills, as well as the edges of coniferous and deciduous forests. Can be found as low as 5,400-14,000ft in elevation.

Diet: Omnivorous but mainly eats a plant-based diet of grass, greens, leaves, flowers, legumes, forbs, bird eggs, and insects. Favorite flowers are larkspur, lupine, columbine, cinquefoil, dandelion, and cow parsnip. Also enjoys clover and alfalfa.

Behavior: Typically digs burrows under rocks on slopes of hills, mountains, and cliffs but will burrow underneath trees and buildings. When seeing a predator, it whistles to warn others in its vicinity. Only to afterwards hide in a rock pile until the threat has passed. Is Diurnal. Spends 80% of its life in its burrow, 60% of which is spent in hibernation. Despite hibernating during the winter, it doesn’t store food in a cache. Spends much of the active season accumulating enough fat to survive the winter hibernation. Can live alone, in pairs, or in colonies. Males dig burrows soon after waking from hibernation before finding females to reproduce with. Can have up to 4 female mates by the summer but often has 2-3. Females mate once a year during a 2-week breeding season in the spring. Females produce litters of 3-5 offspring. Colonies comprise of 1 or more harems. Female offspring typically stay in an area around their home. Male offspring leave as yearlings to start their own harems. Is a highly social animal with visiting other burrows, greeting fellow colony members and play-fighting. Communicate to each other through high-pitched whistles. Daily activities include daily grooming, sunning, feeding, digging, and residing in burrow.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern although living at high elevations may make it vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Increasing temperatures have shifted marmot behavior causing hibernation to end sooner and breeding season to start likewise. This has resulted in a longer growing season contributing to an increase body mass and population growth.

Trivia: May climb trees to get food but is largely terrestrial.

Other Candidates: Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, North American River Otter, Pygmy Rabbit, Black-Footed Ferret, American Pika, Ermine, North American Beaver, Black-Capped Chickadee, and Mountain Bluebird.

27. Nebraska

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

Why the Cutest: With its small size, big yellow eyes, excessive head-bobbing, and habit of living in underground holes, it’s a widely loved bird known to be exceptionally adorable. Its big, wide eyes and bright wide eyebrows make it appear very curious. It bobs its head while watching things or feeling nervous. Since Nebraska is a state of farms and grasslands, the Burrowing Owl is its perfect representation of cuteness.

Lifespan: Can live at least 9 years in the wild and over 10 in captivity. Often killed by vehicular traffic. Predators include badgers, coyotes, snakes, and feral and domestic cats and dogs.

Location and Habitat: Lives as north as Canada and as south as South America. Yet its North American population usually inhabits the Great Plains and Western regions. North American population is mainly migratory that winters in Central America. South American population is not. Often inhabited in rangelands, grasslands, agricultural areas or any open, dry area with low vegetation. It may even nest in golf courses, airports, roadsides, or near farms, homes, and well-maintained irrigation canals. But it can live almost anywhere except high mountain areas, tundra, or dense tropical rainforest.

Diet: Eats large insects, small mammals, bats, birds, reptiles, amphibians, worms, fruits, spiders, and seeds.

Behavior: Despite its name, it’s actually a squatter that frequently nests and roosts in burrows made by other animals, most commonly ground squirrels, foxes, and badgers. But may dig its own if one is unavailable or settle in man-made structures with easy access to the surface. When threatened, it retreats to the burrow and produces a rattling, hissing sounds similar to a rattlesnake. Nesting season is from March to April. Usually monogamous but a male may have occasionally 2 mates. Females usually lay 4-12 eggs per clutch (but usually 9). Both parents raise the chicks. Sometimes nests in loose colonies or nest on the same sites for years. Lines its nest with a wide variety of materials with the most common being animal dung, usually of the cattle variety. Will perch until it spots prey before swooping down or flying up. Sometimes even chase food on the ground. Unlike most owls, it’s active during the day but has night vision and can hunt during around dawn and dusk.

Conservation Status: Although it’s listed as Least Concern, it’s still seen as threatened or endangered in various locations such as Canada, Mexico, South America, Colorado, California, and Florida. This is mainly due to habitat loss, prairie dog control programs, passive relocations, and declines in animal populations that it depends upon. Although it has adapted to living within urban environments.

Trivia: Has 18 subspecies, 2 of which are now extinct. Has longer legs than other owls, allowing it to sprint when pursuing prey. Can actually fly but is often airborne in short bursts such as when fleeing predators and normally doesn’t fly very high off the ground. Bobs head to judge distances.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, Red Fox, Eastern Cottontail, and North American Porcupine.

28. Nevada

Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus)

Why the Cutest: It’s a cat-sized desert critter who loves the nightlife, making a perfect cuteness representation for Nevada. Although nightlife for this cutie is very different from a night on the Las Vegas Strip. Its big, round expressive eyes circled by white fur gives it a perpetually curious look. Add that with its long, fluffy tail and large, cupped ears, it resembles something between a ring-tailed lemur and a small toy dog. Even though it’s been described as cat-like. And yet, despite its cuteness, it’s an animal many have never really heard of, which is kind of a shame.

Lifespan: Usually lives 7 years in the wild and can live 14-16 in captivity. Causes of death are predators, disease, and environmental stress. Predators include foxes, bobcats, coyotes, raccoons, hawks, owls, coatis, lynxes, and cougars.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the American Southwest and Mexico. Commonly found in rocky, desert habitats associated with water like riparian canyons, caves, or abandoned mine shafts.

Diet: Eats birds, mice, rats, squirrels, rabbits, snakes, lizards, frogs, toads, insects, berries, seeds, and carrion. So it basically can eat almost anything.

Behavior: Primarily nocturnal. Lives a solitary adult life, only coming together to mate in early spring. Yet, could share a den and actively groom one another. Female produces 2-4 offspring per litter.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern but has been hunted for its pelts in the past. Nonetheless, it’s protected in both California and Oregon.

Trivia: Has flexible ankle joints that could rotate over 180 degrees, making it an agile climber. Long tail provides balance for negotiating narrow ledges and limbs, even allowing it to reverse directions by doing a cartwheel. It can climb narrow passages by stemming (which is pressing all its feet on one wall and back against the other or pressing both right feet on one wall and both left feet on the other). Can navigate wider cracks by ricocheting between walls. Has short, straight, and semi-retractable claws well suited for climbing. Ringed tail could be as long as its body. Large eyes and upright ears make it easier for nighttime navigation. Rings are used to distract predators. Can produce a variety of sounds and uses fecal marking as an intraspecific communication method. Can survive long periods on water without food. Can be tamed by humans and was once used by settlers and miners to keep cabins free from vermin. State mammal of Arizona.

Other Candidates: Kit Fox, American Badger, Pygmy Rabbit, and White-Tailed Antelope Squirrel.

29. New Hampshire

Stoat (Mustela erminea)

Why the Cutest: It’s a tiny, energetic mammal with an adorable face, playful antics, high speeds, and surprising ferocity that it’s hardly surprising that it has become a mascot of a Winter Olympics. Yet, this beady-eyed stuffed animal is an opportunistic and deadly predator that can kill animals much larger than itself. When excited or trying to confuse its prey, it performs a rapid and twisting dance with leaps and hops. That we must be lucky that its major weapon against us is undeniable cuteness capturing our hearts. Makes one wonder why they’d hunt this little guy for furs. Still, this is an animal that runs on pure killer rabbit energy. Hopelessly adorable but actually deadly to anything rabbit-sized or smaller.

Lifespan: Typically lives 4-6 years in the wild. Predators include foxes, sables, birds of prey, and gray herons. Can be susceptible to tuberculosis, mange, canine distemper, ticks, fleas, and worms.

Location and Habitat: Lives throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia. In North America, it can be found as south as the Great Basin. Resides in a wide range of habitats frozen tundra, high mountains, temperate forests, and grasslands.

Diet: Mostly eats small mammals such as rodents. But can also eat small birds, amphibians, lizards, insects, and lemmings.

Behavior: Breeding season is in April to July. It isn’t monogamous and littermates can have mixed paternity. Females can produce a litter of up to 12 kits but probably have less than that per year. Males play no part in upbringing. Mark territories with urine and feces. Uses burrows and nest chambers of rodents it kills and used the prey furs to line it. Can also inhabit old and rotting stumps, under tree roots, brushwood heaps, haystacks, bog hammocks, cracks of vacant mud buildings, rock piles, rock clefts, and even magpie nests. Is a very opportunistic predator that rapidly moves while checking every nook and cranny for available food. Can climb trees to get birds’ nests and commonly raid nest boxes. Can immobilize larger prey like rabbits with a bite to the neck. Caches leftovers. Is usually a silent animal but can produce a range of sounds such as chirping, hissing, trilling, whining, and squealing.

Conservation Status: Listed as Least Concern. Although it has been hunted for its fur for centuries. While it’s seen as an invasive species in New Zealand and threat to native bird populations.

Trivia: Has 21 subspecies. Has anal scent glands that gives a secretion deposited through body rubbing and emits a distinct odor. Molts twice a year and some adopt a white coat during the winter. Can take down prey much larger than itself. Is considered a good climber, runner, and swimmer.

Other Candidates: Red Fox, New England Cottontail, Black-Capped Chickadee, American Mink, Harbor Seal, American Marten, and New England Cottontail.

30. New Jersey

Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)

Why the Cutest: It’s the smallest turtle in North America and New Jersey’s state reptile. With its tiny size, orange splotches on its neck and head, and smooth, dark smells, it’s an exceptional cutie that one may want in a terrarium. But before you consider it, know that it’s critically endangered due to the black market pet trade so it’s absolutely not a good idea. Especially when there’s regulations against it. But note that its babies are only the size of pennies.

Lifespan: Usually live 20-30 years in the wild. But may live more than 35 in captivity, possibly more than 50. Predators include snapping turtles, muskrats, striped skunks, foxes, dogs, and raccoons. Susceptible to leeches, parasitic flies, and bacterial infections.

Location and Habitat: Primarily lives in much of the eastern United States. Prefers calcareous wetlands, meadows, bogs, marshes, forest edges, and spring seeps with both wet and dry regions.

Diet: Eats aquatic plants, seeds, berries, earthworms, snails, slugs, insects, other invertebrates, frogs, and other small vertebrates. Can be fed a variety of fruits and veggies as well as meat like liver, chicken hearts, and tinned dog food.

Behavior: Congregates in colonies of less than 20. Mates in early spring. Females lay one clutch per year comprising of 1-6 eggs during April to July. Diurnal and wakes up at sunrise. Spends colder days in dense underbrush, underwater, or buried in mud. Spends warmer days sunning and scavenging (save a short period during mating season). Yet, often takes shelter during the hottest part of the day. In extreme heat, it estivates or go underground sometimes occupying networks of tunnels filled with water. Buries itself in soft tunnels at night. Spends September to April in hibernation either alone or in small groups of 12 that could contain multiple species. Favorite hibernation spots contain dense soil and a strong root system for protection. But could also hibernate at tree bottoms, animal burrows, or empty spaces of mud. Only emerges from hibernation if the temperature hits the 60s-80s. Males are territorial and will fight each other. Females will only be aggressive in self-defense from other females. Main defense is burying itself in soft mud since its shell offers little protection from predators. Moves very little day-to-day, usually 65-70ft on land. Can swim but long swimming excursions are rare. Will travel long distances for a new habitat if its home becomes unsuitable during the spring.

Conservation Status: Listed as Critically Endangered due to habitat loss, invasive plant species, poaching for the pet trade, and pollution. Measures have been implemented to restore wetland habitats and stabilize its population through captive breeding programs.

Trivia: Can survive long periods without oxygen. Other Candidates: Eastern Chipmunk, Red Fox, Harbor Seal, and Virginia Opossum.

The United States of Cuteness: Part 2 – Hawaii to Maryland

Of course, when it comes to cute animals, you can’t always please everyone. Sure, the sea otter might be perfect for California since it’s the center of the animal’s conservation efforts. But I put in the Island Fox because it’s only found on the state’s Channel Islands. While sea otters could be found in other states like Alaska and Washington. While the sea otter will come much later. Then there’s the fact that a cute critter must fit the state as you can see with the American Pika in Colorado and the West Indian Manatee with Florida. In this post we’ll meet ten more cute creatures from these United States. You’ll meet a sea turtle in Hawaii, a little bunny in Idaho, a couple of skunks in Illinois and Kentucky, a mink in Indiana, a frog in Louisiana, a favorite seabird in Maine, and squirrels in Iowa, Kansas, and Maryland.

11. Hawaii

Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Why the Cutest: This creature always had special meaning to native Hawaiians, said to symbolize a navigator that can find its way home time after time. Some Hawaiian legends said it was the first to guide the Polynesians to the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiians revere the Kailua, a turtle that could take the form of a girl at will. It’s also regarded as gentle and friendly but not one you can pet. While the baby turtles are especially adorable.

Lifespan: It’s said that most don’t make it to sexual maturity. A significant number don’t make it to the ocean while it’s said many more die as juveniles. But should a Green Sea Turtle be among the 1% who become ready to smash (which might take about 20-50 years), it could expect to live up to 80 years in the wild. Predators include gulls, crabs, sharks, small marine mammals, red foxes, and golden jackals. Parasites include barnacles, leeches, protozoans, cestodes, nematodes, and fipropapilloma.

Location and Habitat: Lives in all temperate and tropical parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans as well as within coastal beaches, inshore bays, lagoons, and shoals with lush seagrass meadows. Entire generations migrate between feeding and nesting areas.

Diet: Varies with age. Young turtles eat fish and their eggs, sea hare eggs, hydrozoans, bryozoans, mollusks, jellyfish, small invertebrates, echinoderms, tunicates, insects, worms, sponges, algae, sea grasses, leaves, tree bark, and crustaceans. Older sea turtles eat green and red algae, red moss, freshwater red algae, lobster horns, sea lettuce, green seaweed, crinkle grass, sea grasses, and wetland plants.

Behavior: Often return to breed and lay eggs at the beaches where they were born though only females move up along the high tide line. Females control the mating process in the water with a few populations even practicing polyandry. Females lay a clutch around 85-200 eggs in a hole they dig. When eggs hatch (which is often at night), hatchlings move directly towards the water. A significant number don’t make it to the ocean due to predation.

Conservation Status: Although it’s listed as Least Concern, its population has suffered due to hunting, poaching, egg harvesting, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.

Trivia: It spends almost its whole life submerged and have an efficient respiratory system that allows it to quickly replace air in its lungs after surfacing for a few seconds. It can also sleep underwater for hours at a time. Can swim up to 40 mph, making it the fast sea turtle. Also, plays an essential role in ecosystems regarding seagrass beds by eating only the tops. Its efforts provide a habitat for many species of fish and crustaceans.

Other Candidates: Puffer Fish, Hawaiian Monk Seal, Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin, ‘I’iwi, Happy Face Spider, Jackson’s, Chameleon, and Gold Dust Day Gecko.

12. Idaho

Pygmy Rabbit (Sylvilagus idahoensis)

Why the Cutest: It’s a Rocky Mountain critter that belongs in a children’s storybook as well as the world’s smallest rabbit. This fuzzy, grapefruit-sized Idaho potato exhibit short ears and soft gray-brown fur.  While southeastern Idaho is full of these spud muffins.

Lifespan: Most usually don’t last long with the highest adult mortality being in late winter and early spring. Juvenile mortality peaks during the summer. In fact, average lifespan is said to be less than 2 years in the wild and up to 3-5 years in captivity. Common causes of death are harsh winters and heavy predation. Predators include weasels, coyotes, red foxes, American badgers, bobcats, great horned owls, and northern harriers.

Location and Habitat: Lives in most of the Great Basin and some of the adjacent intermountain areas of western North America. Normally found in areas on deep soil with tall, dense sagebrush which it uses for shelter and food. Often restricted to areas with heavy shrub cover, primarily in big sagebrush and rabbitbrush communities. Sites also include plants like greasewood, antelope bitterbrush, threetip sagebrush, low rabbitbrush, gray horsebrush, prickly phlox, thick spike wheatgrass, plains reedgrass, sedges, prairie junegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, bluegrass, needle-and-thread grass, western yarrow, rosy pussytoes, milkvetch, arrowleaf balsamroot, buckwheat, tailcup lupine, phlox, bitterbrush, and sulfurflower.

Diet: Primarily eats big sagebrush which comprises 99% of its winter diet. Grasses and forbs are often summer food for this critter. Menu also includes rubber rabbitbrush, winterfat, Indian ricegrass, thick spike wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and needlegrass.

Behavior: Breeding season lasts from February through May. Litter size is typically 6 and as many as 3 litters could be produced per year. Most active around dusk and dawn but could be active at any time. But usually rests in burrows at midday.

Conservation Status: Although currently listed as Least Concern, it’s particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction due to its reliance on big sagebrush which can be destroyed in brush fires or cleared in agricultural developments. An isolated population is also known to live in the Columbia River drainage basin which faced significant declines due to small size and inbreeding. Only to be reintroduced in 2015 thanks to interstate efforts.

Trivia: One of 2 rabbit species in North America that could dig its own burrow. Burrows are often on the slopes at the base of sagebrush plants with tunnels widening below the surface forming chambers and extend to a depth to 3.3ft. On average, these burrows have 4-5 entrances, sometimes as few as 2 or as many as 10. In shallow soil, it could live in holes among volcanic rocks, in stone walls, around abandoned buildings, and in used burrows made by American Badgers and Yellow-Bellied Marmots. Can venture as far as 300ft from its burrow. During winter, it often tunnels under snow to find food, which can be quite extensive and extend from one sagebrush to another.

Other Candidates: American Pika, Yellow-Bellied Marmot, American Badger, North American River Otter, Red Fox, and Least Weasel.

13. Illinois

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Why the Cutest: Since the Cree and Objibwe shee-gawk is the root word for Chicago, which means “skunk-land,” it might as well represent the Land of Lincoln. Sure, it may be a controversial choice due to its reputation as a little stinker with “don’t make me do it energy” when up against predators and oncoming traffic. While Native American myth and oral tradition may feature them as heroes, villains, tricksters, and monsters. However, it shares popular traits with cats and dogs such as round faces, big dark eyes, tiny paws, and soft fur. Its playful waddles and curious nature could only capture a human heart. While its black and white stripes make it look distinctly cartoonish, like little masked characters. And if you think this little stinker is hard to resist as an adult, wait until you see what its kits look like.

Lifespan: Usually lives around 2-4 years in the wild though some have lived as long as 6-7 years. Though it has a high first-year mortality rate due to severe weather, disease, and starvation. While it can survive 10-15 years in captivity. Aside from birds of prey, it has no natural predators aside from birds of prey since most mammal apex predators don’t want to get sprayed. Though cougars, bobcats, foxes, coyotes, and badgers will hunt one if they’re absolutely starving. It’s also very vulnerable to motor vehicles due to poor night vision. One of the major carriers of rabies, second to raccoons.

Location and Habitat: Lives in southern Canada, most of the lower United States 48, and northern Mexico. Inhabits a variety of habitats like mixed woodlands, brushy corners, open fields interspersed with wooded ravines and rocky outcrops. Some populations such as northwestern Illinois, prefer cultivated areas over uncultivated ones.

Diet: Primarily eats insects like grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, caterpillars, along with other insect larvae and bees. Other invertebrates include worms, crayfish, and other non-insect arthropods. During winter and spring, it often supplements its diet with white-footed mice, voles, along with ground nesting eggs and chicks. Not to mention, amphibians, reptiles, carrion, and fish. In addition, it’s also known to eat apples, blueberries, black cherries, ground cherries, corn and nightshade. Thus, though it prefers grubs, it’s game for basically anything.

Behavior: Unlike what you might see in Bambi, a single male may have a harem of several females that he mates with once a year and defends against other males for over a month. So less Flower and more like Pepe LePew. Once mating is done, the pregnant females return to their dens as the males try to build their fat reserves. Females can produce 2-12 kits per litter but usually 5-6. Although one in Pennsylvania was said to give birth to 18. Can dig its own den but will appropriate any those abandoned by other animals should the opportunity present itself. These dens will only be used in late fall, winter, and early spring, but females with unweaned kits often hold onto them up to the summer. In more human-modified surroundings, it often digs a den in fencerows, mainly because it’s less likely to be disturbed by livestock and machinery. Though it’s common for a single male and multiple females to occupy a single den. Doesn’t fully hibernate in the winter since it will forage in short periods while living off fat reserves, which will result in it losing 50% of its body weight by springtime. Although it’s known for its chemical musk spray against predators, it is mostly a weapon of last resort.

Conservation Status: Listed as Least Concern due to its wide range and ability to adapt to human-modified environments. Although they often fall victims to traffic accidents when crossing a road. Not to mention, highly sought after primarily for its fur and later farmed. Trappers, Chinese immigrants and Native Americans ate them. While Chinese immigrants used its gall bladders as medicine. Its fat was once used as a lubricant. While its musk was once employed as a remedy for asthma, despite its very strong odor being better suited for warding off unwanted suitors. Some are even kept as pets with their stinkers removed or as pest control.

Trivia: Has 13 subspecies. Can use its sharp claws to tear away rotting logs and dig in the soil to find bugs and other prey.

Other Candidates: American Mink, North American River Otter, American Badger, Eastern Chipmunk, and Southern Flying Squirrel.

14. Indiana

American Mink (Neogale vison)

Why the Cutest: The American Mink is an adorable little sausage often exploited for its fur industry. Especially when it came to making coats, stoles, scarves, and trim. As a live animal, it’s highly adaptable in a variety of different environments. While its cuteness can’t be denied with its tiny face, short legs, and sleek body. Because once you see it, you’ll swear that it’s the only one on the block that should be wearing a mink coat it doesn’t have to give an arm and a leg for.

Lifespan: Usually lives 1-3 years in the wild due to disease, traps, hard winters, and predators. Though some could live up to 10 years, especially in captivity. Predators include large birds of prey, bobcats, coyotes, and massive snakes. Often carries tick and flea infestations. While Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy (TME) can prove deadly.

Location and Habitat: Native to most of Canada and the United States from Alaska to the Gulf of Mexico. Most habitats are in undisturbed, rocky coastal habitats with broad littoral zones and dense cover. Some are on estuaries, rivers and canals near urban areas. But as far as real estate goes, this little guy isn’t particularly fussy. As long as the property has an ideal den site that’s close to water.

Diet: Is an opportunistic carnivore that eats fish, crayfish, frogs, rodents, small mammals, birds, crustaceans, and eggs. Although it’s known to attack chicken coops, it only stops once it kills one.

Behavior: Breeding season lasts from February to April with males commonly fighting, which could result in loose, temporary dominance hierarchies governing access to receptive females. Is promiscuous and doesn’t form pair bonds, meaning that male has no role in the parenting. Average litter comprises of 4 kits. Although large litters of 11 and 16 have been reported. Is a solitary animal whose territories have minimal intrasex overlap but extensive intersex overlap. Dens consist of long burrows in river banks, holes under logs, tree stumps, or roots and hollow trees. Yet, it can also have dens in rock crevices, drains, nooks under stone piles and bridges. May nest in burrows once previously dug by badgers, muskrats, and skunks. May even dig burrows from old ant hills. Yet, its den could have a large number of entrances and twisting passages. Entrances can vary from 1-8. Only vocalizes during close encounters with other minks or predators. Emits piercing shrieks when threatened and muffled chuckling during mating. Kits repeatedly squeak when separated from their mothers. In aggressive interactions, it asserts dominance by arching its back, puffing up, lashing out its tail, and stomping and scraping the ground with its feet while opening its mouth in a threat gape. If its show is unsuccessful, fights may result in head or neck injuries.

Conservation Status: Classified as Least Concern. In areas where it was introduced for fur farms, it’s considered invasive, especially when it escapes one. However, it does have a history of being hunted and trapped for its furs as well as tamed as pets and for pest control.

Trivia: Has 15 subspecies. Has been found to be able to transmit the virus causing Covid 19. Is an excellent swimmer and agile climber capable of diving deep underwater to hunt.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, American Badger, Eastern Chipmunk, Virginia Opossum, and Red Fox.

15. Iowa

Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus)

Why the Cutest: With its small body and chubby cheeks, it has often been featured on cartoons for decades like Disney’s Chip and Dale or the brothers Alvin, Simon, and Theodore from Alvin and the Chipmunks. Makes cute noises such as chips, chucks, trills, whistles, squeals, and chatters. Its fast, darting runs make it fun and energetic to watch. When eating, it even holds tiny seeds or nuts in its front paws just like miniature squirrels.

Lifespan: Lives up to 3 years in the wild and up to 8 years in captivity. Predators include hawks, owls, foxes, raccoons, snakes, weasels, coyotes, lynx, domestic dogs, and domestic cats. Can also be a host to parasitic larvae of botflies.

Location and Habitat: Lives predominantly in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States to as far as eastern North Dakota and as south as northeastern Louisiana. Resides in deciduous wooded areas and urban parks. Prefers locations with rocky areas, brush, or log piles along with shrubs to provide cover.

Diet: Eats nuts, seeds, acorns, berries, mushrooms, insects, and occasional small eggs or frogs.

Behavior: Unlike what Disney may tell you, it doesn’t live in a tree or with a sibling. Rather, it’s a solitary creature who spends most of its time foraging on the ground in deciduous woods, brushy areas, and suburban yards. In fact, it digs complex underground tunnel systems that can stretch over 30ft, carefully concealing the entrances. Doesn’t fully hibernate during the winter (at least as we know it). Instead, it stays its burrow during cold weather, waking up periodically to eat from its stored food cache. More like sleeping all except for trips to the fridge. Stores items in its stretchy cheek pouches to transport food back to its underground storehouses. Active during the day. Only interacts with its own species during mating season or pups with their mother. Mating seasons are from February to April and from June to August. Females often produce 1-2 litters of 3-5 young.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Least Concern as it’s basically a regular backyard sight.

Trivia: Molt once or twice annually.

Other Candidates: American River Otter, Southern Flying Squirrel, Red Fox, Eastern Cottontail Rabbit, American Mink, and Virginia Opossum.

16.  Kansas

Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Why the Cutest: Since Kansas is known as the Prairie State, there’s no better animal to represent it in the US of Cuteness than this little guy. This cunning, highly social rodent is famous for its expressive upright stances, complex communication, and adorable “greeting kisses.” Its “jump yip” display has it stretching up on its hind legs and throw its front paws in the air. Within its tight-knit family group, it spends a lot of time grooming and cuddling.

Lifespan: Usually lives 3-5 years though females can live 7-8 years in the wild. Can live 8-10 years or more in captivity. First year survival is 52%. Major causes of death included predation, disease, infanticide, habitat loss, poisoning, trapping, and shooting. Sylvatic plague can wipe out entire colonies within a few days. Also susceptible diseases brought by introduced animals. Predators include coyotes, American badgers, bobcats, golden eagles, ferruginous hawks, red-tailed hawks, prairie rattlesnakes, and black-footed ferrets.

Location and Habitat: Lives in the Great Plains from as north as Montana to as south as Texas. Resides in grassland habitats such as shortgrass prairie, mixed-grass prairie, sagebrush grass, and desert grassland. Habitat preferences influenced by vegetative cover type, slope, soil type, and rainfall amount.

Diet: Herbivorous. Prefers grass over forbs, which comprises of 75% of its diet. Menu includes western wheatgrass, buffalo grass, sedges, scarlet globemallow, Russian thistle, plains prickly pear, rabbitbrush, winterfat, saltbrush, and sagebrush.

Behavior: Is diurnal but doesn’t venture above ground as much when it rains or snows, or when the temperature exceeds 100º F. Spends much of its time either foraging or high alert constantly keeping watch for predators. Doesn’t fully hibernate during the winter, when it continues to leave the burrows to forage but sometimes enters a torpor state at night to conserve energy. This results in it losing 20% of its body weight during the fall and winter months. Lives in colonies, which could range from as little as 5 to thousands and may be subdivided into 2 or more wards based on topographic features like hills. Wards usually have 2 or more coteries which comprise of aggregates of highly territorial, harem-polygynous social groups. Individuals with coteries are often amicable with each other and hostile towards outsiders. Breeding season is usually in the spring. Females usually produce one litter of 3-5 young each year. Young males leave natal territory 12-14 after weaning.  Dig vast networks of burrows that are used for breeding, rearing young, and hiding from predators as well as are maintained for generations. Nests consists of fine, dried grass that’s collected by both sexes and all age classes. Most colonies usually contain 20-57 burrows per acre. Types of entrances are dome mounds, rimmed crater mounds, and entrances without structures around them. Entrances may prevent flooding and/or aid in ventilation. Compact soil with its nose.

Conservation Status: Listed as Least Concern although it has lost a lot of ground due to habitat loss due to agriculture and development, having a reputation as pests by ranchers, being seen as competitors for forage against livestock (despite research suggests that it has either a neutral and beneficial effect), and the pet trade. Colonies can also be wiped out by plague. Even though it’s not as in trouble as some grassland species, current numbers and occupied acreage are drastically below historical levels and likely to remain so in the foreseeable future. Mainly because while it may not be officially in danger, its grassland habitat and ecosystem it supports certainly is.

Trivia: Has been called an “ecosystem engineers” due to its influence on its habitat characteristics, landscape architecture, and ecosystem structure and function. That research suggests it to be a keystone species in a significant part of its range. This shit talking critter enhance diversity of flora and fauna through foraging and burrowing activities as well as its presence as prey. Grasslands inhabited by Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs support higher biodiversity than those without them. Also use a sophisticated communication system to describe specific predators. Has sensitive hearing at low frequencies to avoid predators.

Other Candidates: Virginia Opossum, Least Shrew, Eastern Cottontail, and Striped Skunk.

17. Kentucky

Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius)

Why the Cutest: It’s Kentucky’s official state non-game mammal. Compared to the Striped Skunk in the Illinois entry, it’s only as large as a good-sized tree squirrel and has a more weasel-like body. Making it resemble a miniature fluffy ferret. It also lifts its back legs in the air in a handstand before it sprays, which many find funny and adorable. While its spotted black and white give it a painted, cute style.

Lifespan: Usually live 1-2 years in the wild though many don’t survive their first year. Can live up to 10 years in captivity. Predators include big cats, bobcats, owls, and birds of prey.

Location and Habitat: Lives mainly in the American southeast and Midwest to the Dakotas and south Texas. Prefers forest edges and upland prairie grasslands, especially when rocky outcrops and shrub clumps are present. Can rely on riptarian corridors with woody shrubs and woodland edges as well as wooden fencerows, odd areas, and abandoned farm buildings.

Diet: Like the Striped Skunk, it eats practically anything such as insects, small mammals, bird eggs, fruits, berries, bees, and honey.

Behavior: Is nocturnal and more active on cool and dry nights than warm and wet ones. Doesn’t hibernate but greatly reduces activity during intense summer heatwaves and very cold winters. Is a secretive and elusive creature that humans rarely see in the wild. Breeding season is usually March and April while young are often born in May. Is generally polygynous. Females produce an average of 4-5 kits per litter. Underground dens can be shared by up to 8 of them during the winter. Burrows could be self-dug or previously abandoned.

Conservation Status: Listed as Vulnerable due to sharp declines in several states, particularly in the Midwest for unknown reasons. Since it was very quick to adapt to human settlement that it was frequently trapped until the mid-20th century, frequently seen in farmlands, and known to dig burrows under barn sides. Causes attributed include pesticide use, modernized farming techniques, over-trapping, habitat loss, and consolidation of barns and other manmade structures. Thus, it has become a rare creature of great conservation need.

Trivia: Tail counts for 1/3 of its total length. Can perform a handstand before a potential predator as well as does foot stomping to warn one approaching it that’s often followed by it spraying the odorous secretion. More agile and vigilant than other North American skunks. Can climb and take shelter in trees and jump.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Red Fox, Virginia Opossum, and Eastern Chipmunk.

18. Louisiana

American Green Tree Frog (Dryophytes cinereus or Hyla cinerea)

Why the Cutest: It’s Louisiana’s official state amphibian, which is a state known for swamps and the Mississippi Delta. And we all know that swamps are the place where frogs love to be. With big eyes, smiling mouth, chunky build, lime green skin, and suction cup toes, it often sits completely still like a little statue to wedge itself into silly, relaxed resting positions. While is slow, deliberate stretches and measured movements look endearingly awkward.

Lifespan: Usually live about 2-5 years in the wild. Can live up to 6 in captivity, though some have reached 15-20 years. As tadpoles, predators include sunfish, bass, and dragonflies. As adults, predators include snakes, birds, and other frogs. Also prone to parasites such as nematodes, protozoans, and trematodes.

Location and Habitat: Usually lives in the Southeastern United States from Delaware to central Texas. Prefers to reside in small, early successional canopy gaps in forests with a permanent water source and filled with plentiful vegetation and bottom-landed forested area. Found both in natural and settled environments, often sighted in backyards with ponds, in garages, or in garden structures. Commonly resides in cypress ponds, water lily prairies, and marshes. Often seen perched on twigs, low branches, and grasses.

Diet: Primarily insectivores that mostly eat flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, cockroaches, spiders, beetles, crickets, and ants. Usually through nighttime ambush foraging. Though ingesting plant material isn’t uncommon.

Behavior: Is relatively sedentary and often stays within its localized home range. May venture to nearby woodlands in wetter regions but remains near water source in dry conditions. Will defend mate calling sites against foreign rivals and invaders using aggressive interactions. This can comprise of a combination of aggressive call signals and wrestling from males. Females usually breed once a year, though some have multiple clutches during a single mating season. A single clutch could contain as many as 400-1,200 eggs which females often lay in permanent bodies of water. Males use distinctive advertising calls to attract mates, which they often have to tweak due to immense pressure to make a unique one guaranteed to attract a female before grasping onto her to begin fertilization. Females often prefer the larger males and the low frequency calls. Oh, and males are polygynous so they’ll do this to as many as they could attract. All while satellite males stand by and let other males do the work before making a move. While their calls can be heard as far as 1-2 kilometers away. Is small and easily frightened so it doesn’t do well with frequent handling. Is nocturnal.

Conservation Status: Listed as Least Concern but still face threats of habitat loss and climate change due to urbanization and severe wildfires. As forest canopies recover from wildfires, it needs alternative shelters with scientists in central Texas using PVC pipe artificial shelters.

Trivia: Can be used as bioindicators for aquatic contamination due to its thin skin. Can also be kept as pets.

Other Candidates: Swamp Rabbit, North American River Otter, Raccoon, and Virginia Opossum.

19. Maine

Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica)

Why the Cutest: Maine is the only state in the entire US where this bird breeds and only on a chain of small islands in the Gulf of Maine, which is a major draw for tourists. All thanks to the restoration efforts of Project Puffin since 1973, which hadn’t had a single bird there since 1885 due to overhunting. Biologists got some chicks in Newfoundland, fed them for a month, and put them in artificial sod burrows on Easter Egg Rock Island from that year to 1986, translocating 954 chicks in all. Even used decoys to give the illusion that an established colony existed. The re-establishment of this nesting colony proved successful that 4,000 of those birds nest on the islands off Maine’s coast each year. While the Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge has become one of the ultimate birder destinations. Called “clown of the sea” or “sea parrot” due to its striking appearance and large colorful bill, the Atlantic Puffin is a pigeon-sized seabird that spends most of its time bobbing in the ocean waves. Bright orange and red bills with expressive eye markings give it a cheerful, painted look along with that tuxedo plumage. Despite appearing graceful in air and water, it orchestrates clumsy landings and awkward waddling gaits on land. And who doesn’t like a puffin pair rubbing their bills together?

Lifespan: Usually live around 20-30 years. Predators include gulls, skuas, large fish, and seals. Prone to fleas and the guillemot tick.

Location and Habitat: Mostly lives in the North Atlantic, spending fall and winter in the open ocean and on coasts during the breeding season.

Diet: Mostly eat fish but can supplement with shrimp, crustaceans, molluscs, and polychaetae worms.

Behavior: Typically mates for life and returns to the exact same burrow year after year and restore bonds through billing (rubbing colorful bills together), nest building, and burrow repair. Though it can do some preening and guarding the burrow while waiting for its partner. Female only lays a single egg per year and both partners share incubation and parenting duties until the chick leaves the nest. Resides in clifftop nesting colonies during breeding season which is normally in the late spring and summer, which are often divided into sub colonies. Can dig its own burrow from a grassy clifftop or reuse existing holes. Lives a solitary existence at sea.

Conservation Status: Classified as Vulnerable due to historical overhunting, overfishing, ocean pollution like oil spills, and climate change limiting food supply.

Trivia: Can flap its wings 400 per minute and reach flying speeds of 55 mph. Molts at sea during the winter in which its brightly colored characteristics are lost before returning during the spring. Can be excellent bioindicators for ocean environment. Official bird symbol of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada. Uses semi-extended wings as “paddles” to fly through the water and its feet as a rudder. Can swim fast, reach significant depths up to 200ft, and stay submerged for up to a minute. Can swallow small fish while submerged but must bring larger specimens to the surface before it could eat them. Can hold dozens of fish in its beak at one time. Beaks can glow under ultraviolet light.

Other Candidates: Black-Capped Chickadee, Snowshoe Hare, Northern Saw-Whet Owl, North American Porcupine, and Eastern Chipmunk.

20. Maryland

Delmarva Peninsula Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus)

Why the Cutest: Maryland takes up much of the Delmarva Peninsula and had a lot to do with restoring this squirrel’s population. This is an extra-large and fluffy squirrel with thick, silvery fur, short nose, and round face that seems extra plump and cuddly. It’s also known to be very calm, slow moving, and relaxed compared to its more common jittery counterparts.

Lifespan: Typically lives 9-13 years in the wild but 18 years in captivity.  Most die within the first year.

Location and Habitat: Lives in eastern Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia along the Delmarva Peninsula. Preferred habitat are mature hardwood and pine forests with open understories.

Diet: Eats nuts and seeds from many trees like oak, hickory, sweet gum, walnut, loblolly pine along with green pine cones.

Behavior: Make dens in tree hollows where it makes a nest of leaves and twigs in the tree’s crotch, in a trunk’s tangled vines, or near the end of a large branch. Mating occurs late winter and early spring. Females produce a litter of 1-6 young which she raises herself. Diurnal and non-territorial. Is asocial and solitary, coming into contact with its own kind during breeding season.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Vulnerable due to habitat loss in extensive development that only 10% of its historical population was still around by the 1960s. Numbers have recover within the next several decades thanks to some habitat restoration efforts but there’s still plenty of work to be done.

Trivia: Use trees to elude predators. Said to have a large vocabulary of clucking and chucking sounds. Warn of approaching threats with distress screams and high-pitched whines during mating. Stands upright with tail over back when in contact with another fox squirrel. But most vocalization comprises barks.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, American Mink, Least Weasel, Piping Plover, and Raccoon.

The United States of Cuteness: Part 1 – Alabama to Georgia

Although cuteness is often subjective, it’s also a common feature in the animal kingdom. In many nature documentaries, you’ll find plenty of adorable creatures that will warm, melt, or break your heart. But if you live in the United States of America, know that there are plenty of cute creatures out there and you don’t always need to go to a zoo to see them. In this series, we’ll look at the fifty of the most adorable creatures from the United States. But first, each cute creatures must follow a certain criteria:

  1. Must be an adult – although there are plenty of cute babies animals out there, they don’t always stay that way. For instance, many species of seal pups are irresistibly cute but they don’t always retain much of the cuteness when they get older. So the animal has to be cute in adult form in order to qualify.
  2. Must be wild – sure, we all think pets and farm animals are adorable, but we can’t have any pet or livestock breeds. Thus, the animals have to live in a wild setting. Feral animals don’t count because they’re once domesticated.
  3. Must be native – in other words, it can’t be an animal one can see at the zoo. Nor can it be anything introduced within human habitation or expand range. For instance, the Mexican Long-Nosed Armadillo might seem like a great cute animal to represent Texas but its presence in the United States only dates to the 19th century. Thus, the animal must be native to its representative state.

In this post, we’ll meet a little beach mouse from Alabama, a couple of foxes in Alaska and California, a little owl in Arizona, an iconic songbird in Arkansas, a Rocky Mountain potato in Colorado, a rabbit in Connecticut, a little shorebird in Delaware, a celebrated marine mammal in Florida, and a unique little duck in Georgia.

  1. Alabama

Alabama Beach Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates)

Why the Cutest: It’s 3 inches long with big eyes and large ears. Nonetheless, it’s one of the more unique critters found in Alabama, even if it’s one that’s not as often seen there.

Lifespan: Usually 9 months in the wild and up to 6 years in captivity. Key predators are domestic and wild cats, domestic dogs, foxes, great horned owls, blue herons, raccoons, birds, and snakes.

Location and Habitat: It primarily lives within its Gulf Coast. Often lives in frontal scrub or sand dunes.

Diet: Often comprises of seeds and fruits from coastal plants like sea oats and beach grass along with occasional insects.

Behavior: Has lifelong monogamous pairs that often produce 3-4 offspring per litter. It also digs underground burrows for shelter and food storage. Nocturnal and generally avoids humans, buildings, and trash.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Endangered due to coastal buildings, hurricanes, and loss of dunes. Protected by state and federal laws found in areas like Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and Gulf State Park.

Trivia: Often spreads and buries seeds in its home range, which help grow plants that stabilize the sand dunes.

Other Candidates: Perdido Key Beach Mouse, Southern Flying Squirrel, Eastern Chipmunk, and Appalachian Cottontail.

2. Alaska

Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)

Why the Cutest: Its fluffy white winter coat, short muzzle, rounded ears, furry paws, and bright, dark, expressive eyes makes it look like a small puppy dog anyone would want to pet (even in its summer coat) or a floating cloud of fur. Still, when it comes to cute animals, Alaska is one of the most wildlife-rich states with plenty of competition. But the Arctic fox stands out because its cuteness embodies the state’s characteristic Arctic spirit.

Lifespan: In the wild most usually don’t live past their first year. But should a fox cub be lucky to reach adulthood, it can expect to live for 3 or 4 years. However, some exceptional ones could live up to the ripe old age of 11. While the oldest recorded age was 16. Predators include domestic dogs, golden eagles, bald eagles, snowy owls, hawks, Arctic wolves, polar bears, wolverines, red foxes, and brown bears.

Location and Habitat: Live in the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere within the Arctic tundra. In Alaska, it can reside from treeless coastal tundra and pack ice as well as rocky coastline cliffs from the Aleutian Islands to Utqiagvik and the Canadian border. Known to migrate toward sea ice in the winter and returns inland during the spring.

Diet: Has a large varied omnivorous diet. Preys on lemmings, voles, ringed seal pups, fish, waterfowl, and seabirds. Also eats carrion, berries, seaweed, insects, and other small invertebrates.

Behavior: They form monogamous pairs during the breeding season (usually in April and May) and stay together to raise their young in complex underground dens. But both females and males can be promiscuous if there are abundant prey and predators present. Other family members may occasionally assist in raising the pups. Can produce between 3-25 pups at a time.

Conservation Status: Although listed as Least Concern, they do face significant threat in certain areas in its own range due to climate change, habitat loss, competition with other animals such as the red fox, disease, and other factors.

Trivia: It sheds twice a year switching between a short, brown and cream, lighter summer coat and a long, thicker, white winter coat (actually twice as long as its summer coat. Come in white and blue morphs. Winter coat provides the best insulation of any mammal. Also possesses exceptional hearing to locate prey under the snow.

Other Candidates: Sea Otter, Horned Puffin, Tuffed Puffin, Collared Pika, Lemming, Boreal Chickadee, and Red Fox.

3. Arizona

Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi)

Madera Canyon 20120429

Why the Cutest: Arizona has no shortage of cute critters. But the elf owl stands out because Arizona is its primary American residence. It’s also the world’s smallest bird of prey that’s only 5-6 inches tall and weighing at 1.4 oz which is similar to a sparrow. Helps if males make cute, puppy-like yipping noises to defend their territory and attract mates. Other cuteness features include big yellow eyes, soft plumage, and feisty personality.

Lifespan: Usually live from 3-6 years in the wild but can live up to 10 in captivity. Common causes of death are predation, exposure, and intra-species competition. Predators are usually jays, hawks, and bigger owls.

Location and Habitat: Resides in the Southwestern US and Mexico, spending spring and summer in the former and winter in the latter. Often found in arid deserts, canyon woodlands, and brushy terrain.

Diet: Primarily hunts insects, particularly flying ones. But it will also occasionally feed on small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Behavior: Nests in old woodpecker holes in saguaro cacti or trees and are notoriously territorial. Like most owls, it is nocturnal. Is usually monogamous during the breeding season (usually laying between 1-5 eggs) and typically remains in breeding pairs as parents with the mom watching over the kids and the dad constantly out hunting for the whole family. This lasts until spring (such as late March to early May) to as late as July. But can be found in small groups during the Mexican migration season and when mobbing predators.

Conservation Status: Although listed as Least Concern, their populations have significantly declined due to habitat loss thanks to human development and introduction of invasive species, particularly in California. It’s said that there are fewer than 150,000 in the United States.

Trivia: Removes the stinger from scorpions before eating them. Can play dead when handled, an adaptation that encourages a predator to relax its grip so the owl could escape. Males and females have distinct vocalizations with the former having a more complex repertoire than the latter.

Other Candidates: Coatimundi, Kit Fox, Ringtail, Sonoran Desert Toad, and Javelina.

4. Arkansas

Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)

Why the Cutest: It is a 6.3-8.3 inch songbird and ball of colorful fluff has been a longtime favorite of birders since colonial days. Males have a deep royal blue head and back with a rusty orange breast. It also has a large round head, big dark eyes, and quiet, calm posture when perched. While it makes soft, waroling, musical call instead of harsh chirps. Since Arkansas isn’t known to have many distinctive critters to stand out, an American one would do just nicely.

Lifespan: Adults typically lives around 6-10 years though most usually die within the first year of life. Causes of death are often starvation, freezing, and predation. Predators include eastern chipmunks, flying squirrels, American black bears, fire ants, raccoons, rat snakes, eastern racers, American kestrels, falcons, owls, domestic cats, and hawks.

Location and Habitat: Found across the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, southern Canada, and parts of Central America. Northern groups move south for the winter. Southern populations reside in their home range all-year-round. Prefer to reside in open country, farms, pastures, roadside edges, parks, and golf courses with scattered trees.

Diet: Food intake depends on the season. During the spring and summer, it mostly eats insects like caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders. During the fall and winter, it shifts to eating wild berries, sumac, and small fruits.

Behavior: Typically nests in wooden tree hollows or wooden nest boxes because it can’t carve it own holes. Like most birds, it’s monogamous during breeding season and can lay up to 2-7 eggs per clutch as well as raise up to 3 broods a year. Also typically social, sometimes gathering in flocks of over a hundred.

Conservation Status: Once considered Endangered during much of the 20th century due to habitat loss and competition with invasive starlings and house sparrows and the presence of DDT. But populations rebounded thanks to the Bluebird Nesting Program. Today it’s listed as Least Concern. However, as far as backyard birding is concerned, they’re not exactly a type of bird you’d see every day.

Trivia: Perches on low posts or tree branches before dropping to the ground to catch prey. Has been popular with Americans since colonial times and often associated with the coming of spring.

Other Candidates: Eastern Chipmunk, Southern Flying Squirrel, North American River Otter, and Gray Fox.

5. California

Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis)

Why the Cutest: First, while California wildlife has a treasure trove of cute critters, the Island Fox is one that exclusively resides there. Second, when you first see an adult version of this cat-sized animal, you’d almost swear that it was just a gray fox pup that’s just left the den. It’s also generally docile, shows little fear of humans, and are easily tamed.

Lifespan: Usually live around 4-6 years in the wild and up to 8 years in captivity. Eagles are often its natural predators.

Location and Habitat: Lives on 6 of the 8 Channel Islands of California. Preferred habitat comprises of complex vegetation with perennially fruiting bushes. But it lives in most types of habitats like temperate forests, grasslands, and chaparrals.

Diet: Eats fruits, insects, eggs, land snails, crabs, lizards, amphibians, small mammals, and edible human garbage. Known for scavenging for food on the coastline.

Behavior: Is mostly a solitary animal and diurnal (though some nocturnal populations exist). Although they have complex communication dynamics such as vocalizations, body posture, facial expressions, and urination to mark territory. Typically form monogamous pairs from January and through the breeding season from late February to early March. Typical litters produce 1-5 pups with an average of 2 or 3.

Conservation Status: Currently classified as Near Threatened due to recovery efforts after facing significant declines in the 1990s that made them Critically Endangered. This was due to golden eagle predation, the presence of feral pigs that the National Park Service later eradicated on the Channel Islands, disease, and the introduction of invasive species. But in the last decade, Island Fox populations have recently rebounded but they’re not quite out the woods. Especially since climate change poses a significant threat to the species with rising temperatures, vegetation loss, drought, and wildfire frequency.

Trivia: Said to evolve from the larger mainland Gray Fox and has resided in the Channel Islands for over 7,000 years possibly with the assistance of human populations. Plays an important role by native Channel Islanders who semi-domesticated them as pets, for pelts, or other functions such as pest control. Skilled at climbing trees.

Other Candidates: Sea Otter, American Pika, Ringtail, and Narrow-Face Kangaroo Rat.

6. Colorado

American Pika (Ochotona princeps)

Why the Cutest: As Colorado is the Rocky Mountain State, the American Pika is an iconic Rocky Mountain critter. These Rocky Mountain potatoes resemble a hardy, fuzzy mountain mouse. They’re also vocal animals using a variety of calls and songs to warn of approaching predators and during breeding season.

Lifespan: Usually live around 3-7 years in the wild. Predators include eagles, hawks, coyotes, bobcats, cougars, foxes, and weasels.

Location and Habitat: Native to the mountainous regions of western North America, typically inhabiting rocky slopes and talus fields at or above the tree line.

Diet: It’s a generalist herbivore that eats a wide range of vegetation such as various sedges, grasses, thistles and fireweed.

Behavior: Doesn’t hibernate during the winter and is primarily active during the day. Doesn’t dig burrows but may enlarge existing in the talus to create shelter. Establishes dens and nests below rock surfaces. Forms mating pairs with those of the opposite sex in adjacent territory during breeding season before the snowmelt. Females have an average litter of 3 young and will only raise a second litter if the first fails to survive. Territorial defense often involves aggressive displays and confrontation are often rare, usually between same-sex neighbors who don’t know each other.

Conservation Status: Although it’s listed as Least Concern, its populations in the Southwest have been declining due to habitat loss and climate change.

Trivia: Forages through direct consumption and caching vegetation in so-called “hay piles” for the summer months. Despite resembling a chunky mouse, it’s actually more closely related to rabbits and hares.

Other Candidates: Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, Yellow-Bellied Marmot, and Red Fox.

7. Connecticut

New England Cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis)

Why the Cutest: It is New England’s only native rabbit. Furthermore, in 2013, Connecticut’s state government embarked on a project in Litchfield County to set aside significant amount of land for a meadowland and a second-growth forest that the rabbit needs. Has soft-gray and brown fur, rounded ears with distinct black margins, and a fluffy white tail. Helps if it bears a similar resemblance to the Eastern Cottontail. And who doesn’t love rabbits?

Lifespan: Usually live up to 3 years in the wild. That is if it’s among the 15% who survive its first year. Predators include weasels, domestic cats, domestic dogs, red foxes, fishers, birds of  prey, coyotes, bobcats, gray wolves, eastern cougars, wolverines, and Canada lynx.

Location and Habitat: Lives in fragmented populations across New England from southern Maine to Southern New York along with a small area in Quebec. Prefers woodlands of higher elevation and northern latitude. Thrives in early successional forests with a dense understory of thick, tangled scrubland or brushland vegetation.

Diet: Herbivorous with a diet based on the seasons. Spring and summer cuisine comprise of herbaceous plants like leaves, stems, wood, bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds from grasses and forbs. Fall and winter fare consists of mostly woody plants.

Behavior: Builds nests in depressions which it lines with grasses and fur and are often reluctant to leave cover, rarely straying 16 ft from shelter. Breeding season can range from January to September with females able to breed 2-3 times a year producing litters of 3-8. Form breeding groups of dominant females. Males perform courtship displays of running and jumping with them jumping over a female. Females often appear indifferent up to the point of being paired off and display dominance through nesting, birth, and nursing periods to avoid harassment by uninvolved males. Males have no investment in their young. Is shy   and mostly nocturnal.

Conservation Status: Currently listed as Vulnerable since 1996 due to reduction in suitable habitat, introduction of the Eastern Cottontail in the early 1900s which has taken over many areas, introduction of certain invasive plants like the multiflora rose, and increase density of the White-Tailed Deer.

Trivia: To avoid predators, it runs for cover, freeze, relies on camouflage, or runs in a zig-zag pattern to confuse its enemies.

Other Candidates: Eastern Chipmunk, Northern Flying Squirrel, North American River Otter, Black-Capped Chickadee, Red Fox, and Eastern Cottontail.

8. Delaware

Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus)

Why the Cutest: This little guy was featured in its very own Pixar short called Piper and for good reason. Even if the plover in question was only a chick. Having a large, round head, a short, thick neck, and a stubby bill, these stubby and sandy-colored balls of fluff also vocalize with soft, whistled peep peeps with their alarm call a soft pee-werp. Typically runs in short, quick spurts before stopping with fast, comical steps. Newborn chicks resemble walking puff balls on  spindly legs.

Lifespan: Usually live up to around 5-6 years, though some have been known to live as long as 11-14 or more. Even though most deaths occur within the first few weeks of life or during long migrations. Predators include crows, cats, raccoons, and foxes.

Location and Habitat: Lives in Atlantic coastal beaches and along the shores of the Great Lakes. Although it migrates to the southern Atlantic coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean during the winter. Sometimes even as south as Ecuador and Venezuela. Prefers to reside in open sand or gravel beaches, sand dunes, and barrier islands along the Atlantic Coast, Great Plains, and Great Lakes.

Diet: Mainly eats insects, marine worms, and crustaceans. Typically forages around the high tide wrack zones and along the water’s edge.

Behavior: Females lay 2-4 eggs inside shallow depressions (scrapes) dug in dirty sand, which males dig. Males also perform elaborate courtship ceremonies, including stone tossing and flights featuring repeated dives. If a female deems a male’s scrapes as sufficient, she will mate with him. Both males and females share in incubation duties and eggs usually hatch on the same day.

Conservation Status: Listed as Near Threatened due to historical feather hunting, ongoing habitat loss, and climate change. Conservation groups have used beach cordons, symbolic fencing, and educational outreach to help chicks survive. One area reserved for them is in Delaware’s Cape Henlopen State Park. But while recovery efforts yielded slow population growth, only some populations have met recovery goals set for them.

Trivia: Parents often pull off a “broken wing display” whenever a predator may threaten their chicks’ safety.  

Other Candidates: Delmarva Peninsula Fox Squirrel, North American River Otter, Gray Fox, Red Fox, Black-Capped Chickadee, and Harbor Seal.

9. Florida

West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)

Why the Cutest: The West Indian Manatee is among Florida’s most iconic animals. Called the “sea cow,” its endearing with its chubby body, wrinkly, whiskered face, and slow, peaceful, sweet and curious personality. This makes the manatee seem to resemble a giant, friendly water potato. Baby manatees often look extra small and playful next to their mothers.

Lifespan: Typically lives around 30-40 years though can live up to 60 years in the wild. Oldest captive manatee was 69. Many die much younger due to human and environmental hazards. Has no natural predators.

Location and Habitat: Native to warm, coastal areas of the Caribbean from the eastern US to northern Brazil. Inhabit mostly shallow coastal areas, including rivers and estuaries. Have been spotted as far north as Massachusetts, as west as the Gulf Coast of Texas, and as far inland as Memphis, Tennessee. 

Diet: Feeds on aquatic plants like seagrass as a principal staple. But also eats grasses, roots, leaves, and algae. Grazes up to 4-5 hours a day. Though some individuals do eat the occasional marine invertebrate but often inadvertently.

Behavior: Is often solitary but aggregate in warm water habitats and form breeding herds with larger and older males often dominating. Yet, they don’t form permanent pair bonds males contribute no parental care for the calves. Females usually give birth to one calf though twins can occur. Calves stay close to their mothers though.

Conservation Status: Classified as Near Threatened due to historical exploitation, watercraft collisions, loss of warm-water habitat, harmful algae blooms, entanglement, entrapment, and ingestion of debris. Although populations in Florida have increased due to conservation efforts but intervention needs to be continued.

Trivia: Uses its whiskers to navigate through the water. Can withstand major changes in salinity so can be found in both freshwater and saltwater. Since it eats abrasive plants, their molars are often worn down and replaced many times throughout its life. Can grow up to 13ft long and weigh up to 1,300lbs.

Other Candidates: Key Deer, Bottlenose Dolphin, North American River Otter, and Burrowing Owl.

10. Georgia

Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)

Why the Cutest: With its small, chunky shape with a thick neck and oversized, spiky tail cocked straight up, the ruddy duck is a charming bird in American waterways. The bright chestnut-red male has a black and white had and sports a vivid blue bill, making it look like a ducky cartoon character. It’s often aggressive and beats bubbles during courtship. So it’s no wonder that it’s considered as one of the cutest waterfowl.

Lifespan: Usually lives 2-3 years in the wild, though oldest recorded lifespan was 13 years. Can live up to 20 years in the wild. Causes of death are predation and hunting. Predators include minks, raccoons, red foxes, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls.

Location and Habitat: Lives in North and Central America. Resides primarily in freshwater marshes, prairie ponds, lakes, and reservoirs. Migrate to coastal bays in unfrozen lakes and ponds.

Diet: Primarily eats aquatic insects, crustaceans, small mollusks, and plant seeds.

Behavior: Known for being fiercely aggressive and pugnacious during the breeding season, sometimes even chasing small animals near the water’s edge. Males produce a distinct drumming sound by beating their lower bill on their chest. Done hard enough, this drumming that often swirls of bubbles appear in the water in a process called “bubbling” which could be done while confronting other meals or courting a female. Nest I n dense marsh thickets near water with females building nests out of grass within tall vegetation to hide from predators. Females lay remarkably large eggs relative to their body size, often 5-15 of them. Yet, while the male protects the female during incubation, he takes no part in duckling rearing. Ducklings are highly independent, able to swim and dive within the first day of hatching. Females could also lay their eggs in other nests.

Conservation Status: Classified as Least Concern and is considered invasive outside the US, particularly in Great Britain.

Trivia: Has short wings relative to its body size, meaning it needs to start running across the water’s surface to take flight. Is an expert diver that propels itself with large feet to forage underwater.

Other Candidates: North American River Otter, Gray Fox, Southern Flying Squirrel, Black-Capped Chickadee, and Virginia Opossum.

The Pervasive Myths That Prevent Climate Change Action

scientists-clues-print

One of the biggest threats to humanity and the planet is a manmade phenomenon called climate change. For the last several decades, greenhouse gases have become trapped in the earth’s atmosphere which have led to rising temperatures, rising sea levels, extreme weather, melting ice sheets and glaciers, and ocean acidification. And in many ways the effects of climate changes can be catastrophic not just for the environment but for people as well. The threat of climate change may seem like a new thing to many. However, as with a lot of scientific notions, scientists have been discussing the idea for decades. In fact, on Youtube there’s a documentary called The Unchained Goddess which was produced by Frank Capra who ironically was a Republican. Nevertheless, over the years climate scientists have come to a consensus on climate change as real, as happening, as manmade, and as a problem. However, there are still skeptics among the masses who not only believe climate change doesn’t exist, but use resources in order to stop climate change policy from becoming a reality. Unfortunately, these people are the Koch Brothers, industrialists, energy companies, and other major polluters who contribute millions of dollars to Republican party candidates who just happen to control the House and the Senate. Well, as far as the US goes. Still, if my US Congressman doesn’t see climate change as real, happening, and a problem, then I have a problem with that regardless of party affiliation. Here I present to you some of the most pervasive myths about climate change as well as the truths they mask.

 

While not all Republicans deny climate change, climate deniers make the majority of Republican congressmen who now control the House and the Senate. And a lot of them have received campaign contributions from dirty energy companies. So yes, climate change denial pays big time. And that's a problem.

While not all Republicans deny climate change, climate deniers make the majority of Republican congressmen who now control the House and the Senate. And a lot of them have received campaign contributions from dirty energy companies. So yes, climate change denial pays big time. And that’s a problem.

  1. Climate change isn’t real – Sure the science may not be perfect but 97% climate scientists agree that climate change is real, it’s happening, it’s manmade, and it’s a problem. Also, it’s caused by greenhouse gases getting into the atmosphere and disrupting the climate. Effects may vary according to geography though because scientific research tends to show conflicting reports. But the debate over the existence of climate change is practically sound as far as the scientific consensus is concerned.

Here is a graph of the global temperature averages from the 1880s to the 2000s. While many skeptics believe that the presence of cold weather disproves global warming, it doesn't. Because climate scientists tend to look at weather trends. And as far as this graph's concerned, it's getting warmer.

Here is a graph of the global temperature averages from the 1880s to the 2000s. While many skeptics believe that the presence of cold weather disproves global warming, it doesn’t. Because climate scientists tend to look at weather trends. And as far as this graph’s concerned, it’s getting warmer.

2. The earth can’t get hotter because it’s cold outside– Uh, sorry, but yes it can since there’s a difference between short-term weather variability and long-term climate change. Weather is day-to-day variations of precipitation, clouds, and temperature. Climate is the average weather pattern that takes place over many years. So if you want to find out whether climate change is real, you shouldn’t try to rely on a 5-10 weather forecast. Rather it be better to study a 30-year timeframe instead. And according to the National Climate Assessment: “While there is a clear long-term global warming trend, some years do not show a temperature increase relative to the previous year, and some years show greater changes than others. These year-to-year fluctuations in temperature are due to natural processes, such as the effects of El Niños, La Niñas, and volcanic eruptions.” So even as the climate warms, there will still be cold days and snowstorms. In fact, there are some scientists who think that the melting of Arctic sea ice might be causing bigger swings in the jet stream that can encourage frigid air to move south during the winter into the US and Europe.

While climate has changed before in the past due to natural causes, scientists have found that the global temperature increase has been consistent with the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere. By the way, this chart is from NASA.

While climate has changed before in the past due to natural causes, scientists have found that the global temperature increase has been consistent with the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere. This proves that climate change as we know it is manmade. By the way, this chart is from NASA.

3. The climate has changed before, so this change must be normal, too– Just because the earth’s climate has changed before in the past, doesn’t mean it’s normal or even caused by natural factors. As with climate change, the fact that atmospheric CO2 concentrations are now the highest they’ve ever been in all of human history shows us that it’s mostly manmade. Over the years, the global temperature has increased 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which may not seem like much. But even a small increase can cause significant changes. And the majority of warming at a global scale over the last 50 years can only be explained by the effects of human influences like fossil fuel burning emissions and deforestation. Natural factors have played a relatively minor role.

As the study of climate change has been conducted over the years, more and more climate scientists are now convinced that it exists, it's caused by man, and it's a problem. As far as the scientific community is concerned, the case is closed.

As the study of climate change has been conducted over the years, more and more climate scientists are now convinced that it exists, it’s caused by man, and it’s a problem. As far as the scientific community is concerned, the case is closed.

4. Most scientists don’t agree about climate change– 97% of all climate scientists believe that human activity is contributing to climate change. And as far as climate science goes, these are the only group of scientists who matter here.

A popular climate change myth is blaming global warming on the sun. However, while global temperatures continue to rise, solar activity has declined. So how could that be possible?

A popular climate change myth is blaming global warming on the sun. However, while global temperatures continue to rise, solar activity has declined. So how could that be possible?

5. The sun is responsible for climate change– Yes, solar activity can cause climate swings on the earth. But recent research have conducted studies of the sun’s interaction with the climate and concluded that none of its recent behavior accounts for today’s shift. Also, the sun’s been cooling in the last 35 years.

Here is a diagram on all the possible things that climate change can cause. The fact that climate change can cause famine, plague, and wars probably illustrates why Al Gore and the UN Climate Panel received a Nobel Peace Prize. Because climate change is real threat to peace as well as security.

Here is a diagram on all the possible things that climate change can cause. The fact that climate change can cause famine, plague, and wars probably illustrates why Al Gore and the IPCC received a Nobel Peace Prize. Because climate change is real threat to peace as well as security.

6. Climate change is good for us– In some cases, perhaps. But overall, no, since climate change is known to cause flooding and drought, especially if emissions aren’t reduced and temperatures increase at a rapid pace. Besides, recent reports find that climate change could cost the US economy hundreds of billions of dollars within the next few decades. Not to mention, the rise of diseases, loss of habitats, desertification, wildfires, water shortages, and catastrophic weather. However, when it comes to climate change, the US will be more fortunate than a lot of nations. Third World countries and island nations will have it the worst. Third World countries will suffer since many of them have endangered wildlife as well as relative instability and poverty. Island nations especially since climate change might threaten their very existence if sea levels continue to rise.

While plants do need CO2, this doesn't mean they won't be immune to the effects of climate change. Because too much CO2 could hurt plants and make them prone to infestations and disease. Not to mention, there's desertification, ocean acidification, and chaotic weather patterns.

While plants do need CO2, this doesn’t mean they won’t be immune to the effects of climate change. Because too much CO2 could hurt plants and make them prone to infestations and disease. Not to mention, there’s desertification, ocean acidification, and chaotic weather patterns.

7. CO2 can’t be dangerous, because plants need it– Yes, plants need CO2 to grow. But just because every living thing needs water to live doesn’t mean you can’t drown in it. Research shows that plants might actually suffer with too much CO2 in the air which might lead to less nutritious crops. Because in some ways, if CO2 concentration is too high, there could be a reduction of photosynthesis. There’s also evidence from the past of sudden rises of CO2 incurring major damage on a wide variety of plant species. And plants raised with enhanced CO2 supplies and strictly isolated from insects are much more vulnerable to infestation and disease than in their natural settings. Then there’s desertification which we all know isn’t very good for plants either. More CO2 might have a positive impacts on agriculture but only in the short term. And in all likelihood, adding more CO2 will just shrink a range available to plants while expanding deserts. More CO2 will increase requirements for water and soil fertility as well as plant damage from insects. This might be good news for Monsanto but surely not for us. Also, CO2 is linked to the greenhouse effect as well as causes acidification in the oceans. Climate change has even led to a lot of unpredictable weather in a lot of places which might disrupt crop and plant cycles. Sometimes it might lead plants growing and blossoming earlier than usual. Sometimes it might lead to plants suffering an early death. Such events could happen within short time spans which isn’t good for farmers. So yes, CO2 essential but it can be seen as a pollutant if there’s too much of it in the atmosphere from manmade sources. Nevertheless, that being said, there are scientists who do say that forests do help buffer climate change effects which demonstrates why deforestation is so destructive.

Recent studies have found a correlation between the polar vortex and melting sea ice as well as temperature increases in the Arctic. Such links are being debated among scientists. However, the nature of the polar vortex in many ways shows how unpredictable the effects of global warming can be. And sometimes they're not always what we'd expect. So to say that global warming is a hoax because it's snowing outside in your neck of the woods doesn't hold up. Because climate change simply doesn't work that way.

Recent studies have found a correlation between the polar vortex and melting sea ice as well as temperature increases in the Arctic. Such links are being debated among scientists. However, the nature of the polar vortex in many ways shows how unpredictable the effects of global warming can be. And sometimes they’re not always what we’d expect. So to say that global warming is a hoax because it’s snowing outside in your neck of the woods doesn’t hold up. Because climate change simply doesn’t work that way.

8. Climate change has stopped and the earth has begun to cool– Listen, just because your neck of the woods has experienced abnormally chilly weather and big blizzards, doesn’t mean that global warming isn’t happening. Seriously, your local weather conditions have absolutely no bearing on global weather patterns. Nor does it indicate that climate change has stopped. Besides, the existence of climate change depends on long term trends measured over a decade or more, and according to those, the earth is warming. The last decade was said to be the hottest on record while temperature records continue shattering the previous ones each year. Then there’s the polar vortex in which very cold air which gets pushed into the temperate zones causing frigid winter temperatures as well as snowfall. This phenomenon has been known to scientists for decades. Recent studies have found a correlation between a weak polar vortex and outbreaks of severe cold in the Northern Hemisphere, which might be related to the melting ice caps. But there’s so much uncertainty since recent observations have been short term. Nevertheless, even though we live in a warming world, that doesn’t mean we can’t experience very cold weather. Because despite how climate change denialists tend to use severe winters in their neck of the woods to disprove it, climate change simply doesn’t work that way.

While there have been reports of Antarctica gaining ice, the general consensus states that it has been losing land ice since the 1990s. This isn't good news for penguins.

While there have been reports of Antarctica gaining ice, the general consensus states that it has been losing land ice since the 1990s. This isn’t good news for penguins.

9. Antarctica is gaining ice– There’s a difference between land and sea ice.  As for sea ice, well, that’s influenced by year-to-year changes in wind directions and ocean currents. So it’s difficult to identify a clear trend. However, satellite images show that Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate which has implications in rising sea levels. And in Antarctica, it’s land ice measurements that’ matter more and since Antarctica has lost around 135o giga-tons of land ice into the oceans between 1992-2011 at 70 giga-tons per year. Of course, loss of ice mass varies among the land ice sheets with the West and Penninsula ones losing at an increasing rate. Meanwhile the East Antarctic ice sheet is slightly gaining but not enough to offset the other losses. Yet, most of the research suggests that Antarctica is land ice as a whole and these losses are accelerating quickly. Seriously, as someone who’s seen nature documentaries, climate change has been brought up in almost every one I’ve seen about penguins, especially when it pertains to Antarctica. Even the Morgan Freeman narrated documentary March of the Penguins discusses this since the Emperor Penguins depend on that ice to live on and are risk because it’s melting at accelerating rates. And from how I see it, none of them gave me the impression that Antarctica was gaining ice. Quite the contrary.

Here is the graph projecting the rise in sea levels. The red shows projections and predictions from 1970. The blue shows satellite observations. Not too shabby for climate model isn't it?

Here is the graph projecting the rise in sea levels. The red shows projections and predictions from 1970. The blue shows satellite observations. Not too shabby for climate model isn’t it?

10. Climate models and temperature records are unreliable– For one, scientists use models all the time in their research. Second, models have successfully reproduced global temperatures since 1900 by land, in the air, and in the oceans. Yes, there is some uncertainty when it comes to some aspects of climate science such as effects on clouds. However, certain predictions based on physics and chemistry are so fundamental like the greenhouse effect that the resulting predictions like rising temperatures, melting ice, and rising sea levels are robust no matter what the assumptions are. Also, the both rural and urban temperatures were measured by thermometers and satellites.

These are polar bears. Polar bears have evolved for a life on sea ice for reaching their seal prey. But because of climate change, sea ice is rapidly diminishing. To polar bears sea ice loss means reduced access to food. And it's because of global warming that they're in danger of going extinct. So how do you expect these creatures to adapt to climate change?

These are polar bears. Polar bears have evolved for a life on sea ice for reaching their seal prey. But because of climate change, sea ice is rapidly diminishing. To polar bears sea ice loss means reduced access to food. And it’s because of global warming that they’re in danger of going extinct. So how do you expect these creatures to adapt to climate change?

11. Animals and plants can adapt to climate change– It depends on the kinds of animals and plants and whether they can adapt to a changing climate on short time scales. Global warming will likely cause mass extinction of an estimated 18% and 35% of plant and animal species according to a team from the UK. Mass extinctions have been strongly linked to global climate change which can be so rapid that adaptation is simply not possible in most cases. Because it’s so pervasive and occurring too rapidly.

One of the most insidious effects of global warming is ocean acidification. As we speak the rise of CO2 emissions is changing the chemistry of the oceans as we speak, threatening the existence of entire marine ecosystems and food chains. Not to mention, the millions of people who rely on such an ecosystem for food and income. Even a small change in the pH can mean a catastrophe.

One of the most insidious effects of global warming is ocean acidification. As we speak the rise of CO2 emissions is changing the chemistry of the oceans as we speak, threatening the existence of entire marine ecosystems and food chains. Not to mention, the millions of people who rely on such an ecosystem for food and income. Even a small change in the pH can mean a catastrophe.

12. Ocean acidification isn’t serious– For the love of God, ocean acidification is linked to CO2 emissions since these waters absorb between 25-50% of them which does prevent atmospheric buildup from becoming much, much worse. However, CO2 emissions also cause ocean acidification. Ocean life can be sensitive to slight changes in pH levels even in an alkaline environment. Ocean acidity has increased by 30% in the last 200 years and the rate is projected to accelerate even further through the end of the century with potentially catastrophic impacts on marine ecosystems. As surface waters become more acidic, it becomes more difficult for marine life like corals and shellfish to form the hard shells necessary for their survival and coral reefs to provide a home to more than 25% of all oceanic species. Even the tiny pteropods are seriously impacted and they’re at the base of most oceanic food chains. Degradation of these species at the foundation of the marine ecosystem could lead to collapse of these environments with devastating implications to millions of people in the human populations that rely on them. Also, if atmospheric CO2 levels were to reach 550 parts per million along its current rapid ascent from its pre-industrial level of 250 ppm, coral reefs around the globe could be dissolving. So yes, ocean acidification is a very serious problem.

Between 1965-1979, 62% of all climate studies predicted a warming planet. Only 10% predicted an ice age.

Between 1965-1979, 62% of all climate studies predicted a warming planet. Only 10% predicted an ice age.

13. Reports from the 1970s predicted an Ice Age– Out of the 68 climate scientific studies literature between 1965-1979, only 10% did. However, 62% of these predicted a warming planet though, which is a vast majority. Besides, there’s more worry about global warming impacts within the next 100 years, not an ice age in over 10,000 years. Keep in mind that this is the same period in which Al Gore learned about global warming.

This is Sandy and no, she's not on her way for a friendly visit. She's a major hurricane that wreaked mass destruction on the East Coast. While the science isn't settled whether climate change makes hurricanes more frequent, it is established that it makes hurricanes stronger and more severe. So if you live on the coast or in Florida, expect more hurricanes like Sandy.

This is Sandy and no, she’s not on her way for a friendly visit. She’s a major hurricane that wreaked mass destruction on the East Coast. While the science isn’t settled whether climate change makes hurricanes more frequent, it is established that it makes hurricanes stronger and more severe. So if you live on the coast or in Florida, expect more hurricanes like Sandy.

14. Hurricanes aren’t linked to global warming– There is increasing evidence that hurricanes have been getting stronger and more severe due to global warming. Recent research has shown that we’re experiencing more storms with higher wind speeds, and these storms are more destructive, last longer, and make landfall more often. Such phenomenon is linked to increasing sea surface temperatures which reasonably suggests that storm intensity and climate change are linked. While global warming might not mean more frequent hurricanes (since the science isn’t settled on that one), it might mean more with a Category 3 or higher.

This is a chart from NOAA explaining some of the extreme weather events in the US from 2011-2012. As you see, it's not a pretty picture. Well, you can thank climate change for some of that.

This is a chart from NOAA explaining some of the extreme weather events in the US from 2011-2012. As you see, it’s not a pretty picture. Well, you can thank climate change for some of that since it tends to amplify the risk factors that trigger such events.

15. Extreme weather isn’t caused by global warming– Global warming amplifies the risk factors for extreme weather events which don’t automatically generate them but change the odds. So yes, climate change does increase the odds of extreme weather. Rising temperatures can have several effects involved in weather like increased evapotranspiration, a warmer atmosphere holding more water vapor, and changes in sea surface temperature. Increased evapotranspiration can have a direct effect on the frequency and intensity of droughts. The fact our atmosphere holds 4% more water vapor than it did 40 years ago increases the risks of extreme rainfall. And changes in sea surface temperatures can bring about associated shifts in atmospheric circulation and precipitation. This has been implicated in some droughts, particularly in the tropics. Hell, look at the US. Heavy rainfall and precipitation has increased in frequency and intensity by 20% in the country with the Midwest and Northeast seeing the greatest increases. In the Midwest and Great Plains expect more severe tornadoes and flooding. The frequency of drought has increased in the Southeast and the West which led to a lot of wildfires in wooded areas. And if you live in the Southeast, remember that Atlantic hurricanes have increased in both power and severity.

While some alleged that the lack of Galactic Cosmic Rays leads to global warming, most scientific research has found that the number of GCRs has increased. Thus, there is no correlation.

While some alleged that the lack of Galactic Cosmic Rays leads to global warming, most scientific research has found that the number of GCRs has increased. Thus, there is no correlation.

16. Rising global temperatures have been caused by the presence of fewer galactic cosmic rays (GCR)s– This is pure bullshit at its finest. However, GCR counts have actually increased over the past 50 years so if they did influence global temperatures, they’d have a cooling effect. However, since the earth’s temperature continues to rise, their effect is minimal at best.

These are a pictures of Muir Glacier in Alaska. One is from 1941. The other from 2004. Guess what happened during these years.

These are a pictures of Muir Glacier in Alaska. One is from 1941. The other from 2004. Guess what happened during these years.

17. Glaciers are growing– No they aren’t. According to long term trends, 90% of glaciers have been shrinking worldwide. These changes have been influenced by air temperature changes as well as precipitation. And while some might be growing, glaciers tend to be dependent on localized conditions. Nevertheless, if the glaciers were growing at this time, then the polar bears wouldn’t be having such a hard time surviving in their natural habitat, would they?

Over the last 30 years, the Arctic ice has been melting at an accelerated rate. And it makes the ice less likely to survive the next year. This spells bad news for polar bears.

Over the last 30 years, the Arctic ice has been melting at an accelerated rate. And it makes the ice less likely to survive the next year. This spells bad news for polar bears.

18. Arctic icemelt is a natural cycle– Sure Arctic has a natural cycle of freeze and thaw. However, Arctic ice is known as the “canary in the global warming coal mine” for a reason. Because satellite measurements of Arctic sea ice extent reveal a rapid decline over the last 30 years, especially at the end of each melting season. This means that the ice is melting more than accumulating, making it less likely to survive the next year as well as exposing more open water. This isn’t good news for polar bears since their reliance on the Arctic ice puts them in danger of extinction.

While burning fossil fuels only contributes to a small amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, the land and ocean can only absorb 40% of it. Thus, that remaining CO2 is trapped in the earth's atmosphere and warming the planet.

While burning fossil fuels only contributes to a small amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, the land, vegetation, and ocean can only absorb 40% of it. Thus, that remaining CO2 is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere and warming the planet.

19. Human CO2 is a tiny percentage of CO2 emissions– Yes, the natural cycle adds and removes CO2 to keep a balance. However, humans add extra CO2 without removing any. Sure humans don’t contribute a huge percentage of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere but it adds up because the land and ocean can’t absorb all the extra CO2 which upsets the balance of the carbon cycle. And only 40% of this CO2 is actually absorbed with the rest remaining in the atmosphere. Human produced CO2 has increased by a third since pre-industrial times, creating an artificial forcing of global temperatures which is warming the planet. So even in trace amounts, CO2 can still be a dangerous pollutant.

Here's an NYU survey of economists with climate expertise when asked under the circumstances the USA has to reduce emissions. Despite that we have a Republican Congress with a lot of climate deniers, most of them think we should do something regardless of what other countries are doing.

Here’s an NYU survey of economists with climate expertise when asked under the circumstances the USA has to reduce emissions. Despite that we have a Republican Congress with a lot of climate deniers, most of them think we should do something regardless of what other countries are doing.

20. CO2 limits will harm the economy– If climate change proceeds without any efforts to reduce it, we can expect to incur serious economic costs. And it’s not unreasonable to expect that the effects of climate change will cause greater economic instability worldwide. The solution is to reduce fossil fuel use either through renewable energy resources or increased energy efficiency. There’s a consensus that believes putting a price on carbon through taxes and cap and trade policies are essential to limiting carbon pollution in order to prevent climate change from damaging the local economy. A number of such incentives are being tried to varying degrees of success. Nevertheless, if we want to reduce carbon emissions and avoid draconian government intervention, carbon pricing schemes seem like a viable way to reduce fossil fuel use (if not transition us away from fossil fuels altogether) as well as help transform an outdated system into one fitting for a sustainable century. Thus, the benefits outweigh the costs several times over.

While the poor contribute the least to climate change, this map reveals that they will be the most impacted by climate change. If there is a reason why Pope Francis is speaking about climate change now, this is it.

While the poor contribute the least to climate change, this map reveals that they will be the most impacted by climate change. If there is a reason why Pope Francis is speaking about climate change now, this is it.

21. CO2 limits will hurt the poor– The only people who will be hurt by CO2 limits are those who’ve gotten rich in the fossil fuel industry. Nevertheless, the idea that fossil fuel and other industries create good jobs is a myth. After all, while US miners and oil and gas workers might make good money, that’s mostly due to the fact that their ancestors took to the streets to fight for their God given rights through unionization, regulations, and reforms which wasn’t at all easy. Because in the 19th century, fossil fuel industry jobs didn’t lift people out of poverty. Not only that, but a lot coal miners started their jobs as children. And yes, I’m aware that polluting industries are said to give jobs to people who don’t have a college education. And even if fossil fuel workers do make good money, they’re still being screwed in the process. But if these companies had their way, industrial workers would be paid less than Wal Mart employees as well as have to deal with a shitload of workplace safety hazards. Nobody wants that. Still, when it comes to CO2 limits, the poor won’t have to worry that much since they contribute the least greenhouse gases. However, those in poverty will be most impacted by climate change as well as the least able to adapt. This is why I said that Third World countries will suffer the some of the worst effects of global warming, especially if they’re island nations.

Due to climate change and ocean acidification, coral reefs are becoming increasingly under threat by coral bleaching. Bleached coral has no algae and becomes vulnerable to disease and has no major source of food. Coral bleaching is very serious threat to reefs as well as marine ecosystems everywhere.

Due to climate change and ocean acidification, coral reefs are becoming increasingly under threat by coral bleaching. Bleached coral has no algae and becomes vulnerable to disease and has no major source of food. Coral bleaching is very serious threat to reefs as well as marine ecosystems everywhere.

22. Corals are resilient to bleaching– Because of global warming and ocean acidification, coral reefs are in decline on a world scale. Over the last 30-40 years, 80% of coral in the Caribbean have been destroyed as well as 50% in Indonesia and the Pacific. Bleaching associated with the 1982-1983 El Nino killed over 95% of coral in the Galapagos Islands and the 1997-1998 El Nino wiped out 16% of all coral on the planet. Globally about 1% of coral dies out each year. This is terrible because over half billion people depend on coral reefs for a living and sustenance. And ecologically, coral reefs are integral to the oceans’ well-being since they’re like the tropical rain forests of a sea that’s virtually a marine desert. Not to mention, they provide a home for over 25% of fish in the ocean as well as up to 2 million marine species. So if the coral goes, all that disappears. And that’s really bad.

While fossil fuels may have a cheap market price, they also carry high external costs like health problems, pollution, loss of biodiversity, climate change, decreased property values, infrastructure damage, and potential for disasters. Seriously, when an offshore platform exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, the region was devastated. Let's just say while renewable energy might be expensive in the short run, at least you don't get disasters like the Gulf Oil Spill.

While fossil fuels may have a cheap market price, they also carry high external costs like health problems, pollution, loss of biodiversity, climate change, decreased property values, infrastructure damage, and potential for disasters. Seriously, when an offshore platform exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, the region was devastated. Let’s just say while renewable energy might be expensive in the short run, at least you don’t get disasters like the Gulf Oil Spill.

23. Renewable Energy is too expensive– I hear this a lot, too. But while the market price on fossil fuels is cheap compared to renewable energy, there are effects that aren’t reflected. These consist of air pollution and health impact as well as possibly workers’ health and safety and potential for disaster. If you take pride in West Virginia industry, then perhaps you shouldn’t get attached to your Blue Ridge Mountains and Shenandoah River because of mountaintop removal and excessive water pollution. If you live in some places in rural Pennsylvania, then don’t expect a lot of royalties from leasing your land to the Marcellus Shale gas companies which will cost you your well water quality and property values. Oh, and if that nearby well or pipeline explodes, then consider relocating to rebuild your life because your home is now engulfed in flames. And if you’re fine with an offshore oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico, well, if it experiences a major accident, then Bubba Gump Shrimp is out of business. And I’m sure the tourists won’t be coming back to the beach due to not wanting to take a dip in oil sludge. Still, why buy oil from the station when you can get it all for free? Just go down to the shore line where the water used to be. And I didn’t even get to the effects of climate change. Now do people experience such problems with renewable energy? No, because you don’t need to remove mountain tops for solar power or frack for wind energy. That being said, the true cost of fossil fuels is much higher than the cost of most renewable energy technologies with the possible exception of nuclear power.

24. CO2 limits will make little difference– Well, if it’s only confined to a single country, then its CO2 emissions reduction will make little difference. However, if every nation agrees to limit CO2 emissions, we can achieve significant cuts on a global scale, especially if it pertains to nations like the US and China. Basically as far as the science goes, we all either take measures to reduce CO2 emissions together or we’re doomed. However, if you want the US to get on board with fighting climate change, then you must find a way to bankrupt the Koch Brothers and their allies because they’re the reason why so many Republicans deny climate change in the first place.

This chart shows many ways we can combat climate change. And as of 2016, we have much of the technology available.

This chart shows many ways we can combat climate change. And as of 2016, we have much of the technology available.

25. We don’t have the technology necessary to fix global warming– Scientific studies have determined that current technology is sufficient to reduce greenhouse gas emissions enough to avoid dangerous climate change. Among these are renewed fuel economy, reduced reliance on cars, more efficient buildings, improved power plant efficiency, storage of carbon captured in power plants, storage of carbon captured in hydrogen plants, storage of carbon captured in synthetic fuels plants, wind power, solar photovoltaic power, renewable hydrogen, biofuels, forest management, and agricultural soils management. Nuclear power and substituting coal for natural gas are also listed but I didn’t include them because nuclear power isn’t safe, especially in a disaster and natural gas involves hydrofracking and is pretty much a Diet Coke option as a fossil fuel to begin with (meaning while it’s not as bad as coal or oil, it’s still a fossil fuel that pollutes and gives of CO2 emissions. And then there’s fracking and explosions to worry about. Seriously, I wouldn’t recommend this). Sure reducing greenhouse gas emissions may be difficult but it’s possible. However, if the US wants to go forward with reducing CO2 emissions, then I think Republicans must stop denying climate change as well as stop relying on the Koch Brothers as well as the energy and industrial companies for campaign cash when they’re up for election.

26. Climate is chaotic and can’t be predicted– As we all know, weather can be rather chaotic as you see on the news with the weather report. Seriously, you probably know your local weatherman has gotten the forecast wrong at least once. However, climate doesn’t work this way since it’s driven by the earth’s energy imbalance, which is more predictable. Also, long term trends. Thus, the chaotic nature of turbulence is no real obstacle for climate modeling.

This is a diagram on how a solar cell can store baseload power. So apparently, the climate skeptics were wrong. Don't you think?

This is a diagram on how a solar cell can store baseload power. So apparently, the climate skeptics were wrong. Don’t you think?

27. Renewable energy can’t provide baseload power– A popular myth is that some types of renewable energy don’t provide baseload power and require an equivalent of backup power provided by fossil fuels. However, this is bullshit. Still, while renewable energy doesn’t necessarily need to provide baseload power in the short-term, there are several ways in which it can do so if need be. Geothermal energy is available at all times. Concentrated solar thermal energy has storage capability. Wind energy can be stored in compressed air. Then there’s hydroelectric power is cheap, clean, as well as good for baseload and meeting peak demand despite being limited by available natural sources.

28. CO2 limits won’t cool the planet– Maybe not. However, continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century. If we decrease CO2 emissions, temperatures will still be warm but then stabilize. So while CO2 limits won’t cool the planet, they won’t make things worse.

Those who keep tropical fish know that they have to keep their aquariums set to particular conditions. Any slight changes in temperature could be detrimental to fish and put the water chemistry out of whack. It kind of operates on the same principles when it comes to how global warming causes ocean acidification. And yes, as tropical fish owners know, a change of a few degrees does make a big difference.

Those who keep tropical fish know that they have to keep their aquariums set to particular conditions. Any slight changes in temperature could be detrimental to fish and put the water chemistry out of whack. It kind of operates on the same principles when it comes to how global warming causes ocean acidification. And yes, as tropical fish owners know, a change of a few degrees does make a big difference.

29. Well, temperatures are increasing only a few degrees– Yes, but an increase of a few degrees has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels, and other aspects of climate. While nature can be quite resilient at times, in other ways, it’s a very fragile thing. Think of how tropical fish owners have to keep their aquariums at a certain temperature range at all times since water temperature in the natural world determines which organisms will thrive or die. A small increase in a tank’s temperature could change the water in so many significant ways as well as put added stress on the fish or possibly kill them. In fact, you stuff like this going on in the oceans as I speak as average global temperatures in these bodies of water have increased by about 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit over the last century.

No, I don't think building an ark is a great way for adapting to climate change. Economists say that while preventing global warming is relatively cheap, they can't even estimate the accelerating costs of climate change if we do nothing.

No, I don’t think building an ark is a great way for adapting to climate change. Economists say that while preventing global warming is relatively cheap, they can’t even estimate the accelerating costs of climate change if we do nothing.

30. Adapting to global warming is cheaper than preventing it– Just say that when many of your major cities are under water. Or if you live in an island nation, your whole country. But as they say, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. And nothing emphasizes this more than the struggle against climate change. According to scientists, while preventing global warming is relatively cheap, economists can’t even accurately estimate the accelerating costs of climate change if we continue with business as usual.

While many contrarians tend to argue that global warming doesn't exist due to record snow on the ground, these people have no idea how climate change works. In fact, many scientists point out that climate change increases evaporation which means more precipitation. And this is consistent with record snowfall in cold weather.

While many contrarians tend to argue that global warming doesn’t exist due to record snow on the ground, these people have no idea how climate change works. In fact, many scientists point out that climate change increases evaporation which means more precipitation. And this is consistent with record snowfall in cold weather.

31. Record snowfall disproves global warming– Sorry, but global warming doesn’t work that way. Claiming that record snowfall is inconsistent with global warming betrays a lack of understanding of the link between climate change and extreme precipitation. Warming causes more moisture in the air which leads to more extreme precipitation events. This includes more heavy snowstorms in regions where snowfall conditions are favorable, particularly in areas with average winter temperatures as near the freezing mark of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Not to mention, in northern and colder regions, temperatures are often too cold for very heavy snow so warming could bring more favorable snowstorm conditions. Thus, record snowfalls are consistent with more extreme precipitation events pertaining to global warming and far from contradicting it. Not to mention, while snowstorms have declined the American lower Midwest, South, and West Coast, they’ve increased in the upper Midwest, East, and Northeast with an overall upward national trend. Besides, global temperatures within the last few months of record snowfall have been the hottest on record and it’s said that snowstorms were more common during warmer and wetter years during the 20th century.

Here is a chart of all the health effects that stem from climate change. And yes, it's not pretty as you see.

Here is a chart of all the health effects that stem from climate change. And yes, it’s not pretty as you see.

32. Climate change isn’t urgent– Newsflash: it is and it is increasingly so. It’s not obvious because a large amount of warming is delayed. But some of the research suggests that if we want to keep the earth’s climate within the range humans have experienced, then we must leave nearly all the remaining fossil fuels in the ground. If we don’t act now, we could push the climate beyond tipping points where the situation spirals out of control.

The effects of soot on global warming are unknown. However, the reduction of black carbon has more to do with it being a key contributor to air pollution and detrimental to human health.

The effects of soot on global warming are unknown. However, the reduction of black carbon has more to do with it being a key contributor to air pollution and detrimental to human health.

33. Soot is mostly to blame for global warming– Sure black carbon is a pollutant and does contribute somewhat to global warming. But soot only remains in the atmosphere for days and weeks and doesn’t accumulate like CO2. Still, black carbon’s effects as a pollutant are more apparent and pertain to air pollution that leads to serious and well documented health effects. They’re also accompanied by CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCS) which are also terrible. And yes, such compounds should be eliminated because they kill people. CO2 emissions, on the other hand cause global warming for centuries and can remain in the atmosphere for over 100 years which is why reducing CO2 emissions should be a top priority. Not to mention, CFCs have also been blamed for global warming but the reality is that they contribute only to a small amount. And their main damage had more to do with creating a hole in the ozone layer in Antarctica.

34. Ozone has been causing global warming– Multiple satellite and ground based observations have determined that the ozone layer has stopped declining since 1995 while temperature trends have continued upwards.

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2 it only contributes to 28% of the warming CO2 does. However, this doesn't mean that having methane in the atmosphere isn't a problem. Because it is.

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2 it only contributes to 28% of the warming CO2 does. However, this doesn’t mean that having methane in the atmosphere isn’t a problem. Because it is.

35. Methane contributes to global warming– Yes, it does and there’s no arguing with that which is why I’m no fan of Marcellus Shale drilling. And yes, methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2. However, there is over 200 times more CO2 in the atmosphere. Thus, the amount of warming methane contributes only consists of 28% of what CO2 does. Nevertheless, that’s not to say that methane can be ignored because we should reduce methane levels and the trend in increasing methane has slowed down and leveled off since the 1990s. But with the natural gas drilling boom, that might change. Thus, while methane only plays a minor role, it could get much worse if the permafrost starts to melt.

36. The Infrared Iris will reduce global warming– Introduced in 2001, according to Skeptical Science: “The infrared iris hypothesis suggests that increased sea surface temperature in the tropics would result in reduced cirrus clouds and thus more infrared radiation leakage from Earth’s atmosphere.  This radiation leakage in turn would have a cooling effect, dampening global warming as a negative feedback.” Since that time, subsequent studies have found little supporting evidence for it. And as far as the science goes now, that if the Infared Iris Effect exists it either has a much smaller impact at reducing global warming than originally hypothesized or possibly amplify it.

This is a political cartoon pertaining the the Climategate Scandal which involved some hacked e-mails taken way out of context. Investigations have cleared the scientists involved of wrongdoing, however. But don't tell that to global warming deniers.

This is a political cartoon pertaining the the Climategate Scandal which involved some hacked e-mails taken way out of context. Investigations have cleared the scientists involved of wrongdoing, however. But don’t tell that to global warming deniers.

37. The Climategate CRU hacked e-mails suggest a conspiracy– In 2009 the servers at the University of East Anglia in Britain were hacked and e-mails were stolen. When a selection of these e-mails between climate scientists were published on the internet, a few suggestive quotes were seized upon by many who believed that global warming is all just a conspiracy. However, in reality, they have taken the e-mails out of context thinking that they confirmed what they’ve probably believed for years and ran with it. Several independent investigations from different countries investigated the stolen e-mails and found no evidence of wrongdoing. So in the end, those few suggestive e-mails only served as a distraction from the wealth of empirical evidence of manmade global warming.

Al Gore's 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth is about as informative on climate change as it is controversial. Does Gore get stuff wrong this? Probably. However, experts have called this film broadly accurate as well as what Gore said, an inconvenient truth.

Al Gore’s 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth is about as informative on climate change as it is controversial. Does Gore get stuff wrong this? Probably. However, experts have called this film broadly accurate as well as what Gore said, an inconvenient truth.

38. Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth got it wrong– Al Gore may be no scientist but you have to admire his advocacy on fighting climate change since he’s done a lot to publicize the issue in ways no one else has, especially when it came to his film An Inconvenient Truth. While the film may not be 100% accurate, it accurately represents the science as it stood, a fact that’s been confirmed by expert witnesses and subsequent scientific research. And it’s far more accurate than anything climate change deniers come up with.

Greenland may never have been green since its icesheet was found to be over 400,000 years old. However, today because of climate change, Greenland is now extensively losing ice.

Greenland may never have been green since its icesheet was found to be over 400,000 years old. However, today because of climate change, Greenland is now extensively losing ice.

39. Greenland used to be green– Well, according to Icelandic Vikings who discovered it 1,000 years ago, maybe. But it’s sort of established that Erik the Red named it Greenland to encourage Viking settlers to go there. So the only “green” in “Greenland” was probably in Erik the Red’s pocket. And besides, the Vikings only established 2 or 3 settlements on there anyway. Nevertheless, 80% of Greenland is covered in an ice sheet that’s about 400,000-800,000 years old. While there was a Medieval Warming Anomaly during the medieval period, the effect wasn’t global and the average temperatures were lower than today. And if there was any warming in Greenland in the Middle Ages it was caused by natural factors which are probably not responsible for today’s global warming. Today, satellite images and ground observations show that Greenland is extensively losing ice as a whole. And we should remember when Greenland was 3-5 degrees warmer a large portion of its icesheet melted.

While it's somehow believed that negative cloud feedback could reduce climate change, most studies have ruled it out since clouds don't provide much negative feedback at all. And it's believed that clouds might cause the planet to warm even further.

While it’s somehow believed that negative cloud feedback could reduce climate change, most studies have ruled it out since clouds don’t provide much negative feedback at all. And it’s believed that clouds might cause the planet to warm even further.

40. Clouds can provide negative feedback that will cancel out human caused global warming– The effect of clouds in a warming world is complicated. According to one notion it’s said that low level clouds tend to cool by reflecting sunlight while high level clouds warm by trapping heat. However, a couple studies have found that cloud feedback in the tropics and subtropics have a positive feedback which could cause the planet to warm even further. So it’s unlikely that clouds could cause enough cooling to offset much of the human caused global warming.

Here I present a diagram that states that CO2 doesn't have a big presence in the atmosphere and is therefore insignificant to climate change. However, while CO2 is a trace gas, it's about as insignificant in the atmosphere as alcohol is your bloodstream on a Friday night when you're driving home after having a few beers. Small amounts of very active substances can have large effects whether it pertains to climate change or your breathylzer test.

Here I present a diagram that states that CO2 doesn’t have a big presence in the atmosphere and is therefore insignificant to climate change. However, while CO2 is a trace gas, it’s about as insignificant in the atmosphere as alcohol is your bloodstream on a Friday night when you’re driving home after having a few beers. Small amounts of very active substances can have large effects whether it pertains to climate change or your breathylzer test.

41. CO2 is only a trace gas– Yes, it may be. But small amounts of very active substances can cause large effects. For instance if your blood/alcohol level appears as 800 ppm on a breathylzer test or 0.08%, you shouldn’t go into a car with your hands on the wheel. Because that’s drunk driving which will give you a 5 year manslaughter sentence if you end up killing somebody. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere might be small compared to other gases. However the total CO2 molecules around our heads is more important than their percentage in the atmosphere. And we know the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased along with global temperatures because scientists have measured it. Nevertheless, while an increase can still be a trace, it could make a large difference and not for the better.

When studying climate change, ice core samples have been proven quite instrumental in measuring climate conditions in the past. Plant stomata data, not so much.

When studying climate change, ice core samples have been proven quite instrumental in measuring climate conditions in the past. Plant stomata data, not so much.

42. Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels– Plant stomatal data isn’t as direct or reliable as ice core measurements and hence not as precise. Several ice core data sets are essentially consistent and are direct measurements of air that have been enclosed in bubbles. This is certainly the case in the Greenland Plant stomatal data doesn’t show this or as much as proponents would like.

As sea levels rise, the existence of entire island nations are increasingly in jeopardy. This Pacific Islander is holding as sign asking the rest of the world to prepare a place where her country can stay. To some, climate change might mean losing a way of life or a home. To this girl, it means losing a country and everything with it.

As sea levels rise, the existence of entire island nations are increasingly in jeopardy. This Pacific Islander is holding as sign asking the rest of the world to prepare a place where her country can stay. To some, climate change might mean losing a way of life or a home. To this girl, it means losing a country and everything with it. And to her, climate change is a bigger threat to her nation’s security than terrorism.

43. Sea levels aren’t rising– Sorry, but they are and it’s a serious problem. Because if we don’t act against climate change now, then it’s likely that a lot of our major cities would be entirely underwater. And between 1950-2009, the sea level of the island nation of Tuvalu rose 5.1 mm per year which is 3 times average global level sea level rise. The fact sea levels of rising has created quite a concern for many island nations like Fiji, Kiribati, Maldives, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Indonesia, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Palau, and Vanuatu. Though sea level rise isn’t always level since the heat content isn’t spread evenly over the oceans, the general trend has been a concern for many island nations whose existence might put them in jeopardy.

44. An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature– Despite the logarithmic relationship between CO2 and surface temperatures, atmospheric CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we dramatically decrease our emissions, global warming will accelerate over the 21st century. And as business as usual continues, we are currently at a pace to double the current CO2 concentration within the next 60 to 80 years. Thus an exponential increase will outpace its logarithmic relationship with surface temperatures causing global warming to accelerate unless we take serious steps.

Another pervasive myth that seems to live on is that investing in renewable resources will take away more jobs that it will create. Time and time again, studies have proven this false. In fact, green energy creates more without having to cause a single oil spill.

Another pervasive myth that seems to live on is that investing in renewable resources will take away more jobs that it will create. Time and time again, studies have proven this false. In fact, green energy creates more without having to cause a single oil spill.

45. Renewable energy investment kills jobs– Now this is a pervasive myth about climate change that I’ve heard several hundred times during my lifetime. There’s a Spanish economist from a libertarian think tank that receives funding from Exxon Mobil (of Exxon-Valdez) who claims that every new job created for investing in renewable energy destroys 2.2 conventional jobs. However, this claim is based on a study that relies on incorrect numbers, cherrypicked dates, faulty theory, flawed methodology, and has been disproven by real world examples. In reality, renewable energy investment and development creates more jobs than fossil fuel energy. Not to mention, it results in fewer workplace health and safety risks as well as less environmental damage in disasters. Besides, while fossil fuel may be seen as cheap at first, its market price doesn’t account for various external costs. While renewable energy may be more expensive at first, extra money invested in renewable energy could be spent elsewhere to create new jobs in different sectors of the economy.

While humans have survived climate changes before, they were usually ice ages that took place before the dawn of civilization. It's not like the climate change we're going through now, which is mostly caused by CO2 emissions.

While humans have survived climate changes before, they were usually ice ages that took place before the dawn of civilization. It’s not like the climate change we’re going through now, which is mostly caused by CO2 emissions.

46. Humans have survived past climate changes– Yes, but they were mostly cold ones and mostly in our distant past like ice ages which took place before civilization. And at that time, most of those climate changes were caused by natural factors like orbital wobbles, solar fluctuations, and continental drifts. But since civilization, climate hasn’t changed much until recent years. The climate change we’re experiencing now is clearly manmade. But since our human ancestors have been on earth, average global temperatures have never been 3 degrees Celsius warmer than now. In the next 100 years, our children will be the first people to experience that kind of climate.

Here's a map of the US during a heat wave it experienced in 2011. Seems like Texas is a real red state in this like hotter than hell. And that state's politicians aren't known for their climate advocacy. Quite the opposite.

Here’s a map of the US during a heat wave it experienced in 2011. Seems like Texas is a real red state in this like hotter than hell. And that state’s politicians aren’t known for their climate advocacy. Quite the opposite.

47. Heatwaves have happened before– Yes, heatwaves have happened before but that doesn’t mean the extreme heatwaves we have now is natural because it’s not. Global warming is causing more frequent heatwaves as record-breaking temperatures are happening 5 times more often than they would without any human caused global warming .This means that there’s an 80% chance that any monthly heat record today is due to human caused global warming. If we continue to rely heavily on fossil fuels, extreme heatwaves will become the norm across most of the world by the late 21st century. However, if we take major steps to reduce human greenhouse gas emissions, the number of extreme heatwaves will stabilize in 2040.

48. Removing all CO2 would make little difference– According to Skeptical Science, “75% of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor and clouds, which rain out of the atmosphere if it cools. This makes water vapor a strong positive feedback to any change in non-condensing greenhouse gases. CO2 constitutes 80% of the non-condensing greenhouse gas forcing. Removing CO2 would remove most of the water, cancelling most of the greenhouse effect and cooling the Earth by 30 C.”

Here's a diagram of energy inputs into the earth's climate system. Notice that energy from the earth's interior only makes a small segment compared to solar and human produced energy.

Here’s a diagram of energy inputs into the earth’s climate system. Notice that energy from the earth’s interior only makes a small segment compared to solar and human produced energy.

49. Underground temperatures control climate– Good grief. Well, according to Skeptical Science, “The flow of energy outwards from the interior of the Earth is 1/10,000th of the size of the energy flow from the Sun. Furthermore, over the past few million years, the heatflow from deep in the Earth has also remained very steady compared to other climatic factors. Heat from the bowels of the Earth does not influence climate in any significant way.” Besides, we can use geothermal energy as a renewable resource that will keep us off from fossil fuel dependency. And many of us have bathed in natural hot springs.

Things have been heating up in the frozen Arctic due to the ice melting at an alarming rate. And declining sea ice has been a critical factor in that.

Things have been heating up in the frozen Arctic due to the ice melting at an alarming rate. And declining sea ice has been a critical factor in that.

50. Melting ice isn’t warming the Arctic– Uh, yes it is. It certainly is. Empirical evidence from the past two decades reveals that declining sea ice cover and thickness have been great enough to enhance Arctic warming during most of the year. Not to mention, more sunlight being absorbed through the water. And according to Skeptical Science, “Decline in sea ice is the major driver of Arctic amplification. This is evidence by the pattern of atmospheric warming over the Arctic. Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice. This pattern is consistent with sea ice amplification.”

State Birds That Should Be

John Oliver has once said that there are two things that American states are bad at: civil rights and state birds. Of course, anyone who’s studied African American history would understand the former, especially since the states’ lousiness to utter lack of interest in protecting civil rights was the driving reason in the rise of the Civil Rights Movement. Of course, I’ve written a few posts explaining why that is (such as one on the Charleston shooting and the Confederate Flag). However, I haven’t brushed on the other subject like state birds. Now I know it’s not nearly important but we have to understand that while the Founding Fathers were absolutely right to name the Bald Eagle as our national symbol, our states have been absolutely horrible in selecting a bird that best represents them. I mean there are several states with the same one like the Northern Mockingbird, the Northern Cardinal, the Eastern Bluebird, the Eastern Goldfinch, the Black-Capped Chickadee, the Western Meadowlark, the Mountain Bluebird, and the American Robin as well as others with birds that don’t seem to really represent them. Some aren’t even very unique. For instance, as a native and lifelong resident in Pennsylvania, I have never seen a Ruffed Grouse. I have seen a Great Blue Heron, a seagull, a Norther Harrier, a Bufflehead, and even a Pilated Woodpecker in my area. But I have never seen a freaking Ruffed Grouse in Pennsylvania in all of my freaking life. Not a single one. Maybe the wild turkey might not be a great national symbol but it would’ve been a way better state bird for Pennsylvania than the Ruffed Grouse. At least I’ve seen wild turkeys from my neck of the woods. Nevertheless, we have 50 states in the US as well as hundreds of native birds in our country to choose from. It’s not like several states have to pick the same one. Here I list my opinion for what I think should be the state bird for each of the 50 states of the United States of America.

  1. Alabama

While the Northern Mockingbird can be found anywhere, Alabama's association with Harper Lee and the Civil Rights Movement kind of makes it an appropriate state bird there. As Lee put it, To Kill a Mockingbird is to kill what is innocent and harmless like Tom Robinson.

While the Northern Mockingbird can be found anywhere, Alabama’s association with Harper Lee and the Civil Rights Movement kind of makes it an appropriate state bird there. As Lee put it, To Kill a Mockingbird is to kill what is innocent and harmless like Tom Robinson.

Official State Bird: Northern Flicker (Yellowhammer)

Why It Sucks: For one, this bird was chosen with its association to Confederate soldiers, which may be something Alabama may take pride in. However, I’m sure this bird’s association with Confederacy won’t sit well with the state’s minority populations. Also, there’s not a lot of flickers in Alabama anyway.

Best Candidate: Northern Mockingbird

Why: Sure I know it’s a common and boring bird. But Alabama was a major center of the American Civil Rights Movement as well as home to Harper Lee who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, a book closely identified with it. Besides, the Civil Rights Movement was a major event that put Alabama on the map and what most people identify this state with. Still, if the Northern Mockingbird has to be a state bird, then it should be in Alabama.

Other Options: Blue Jay, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Cedar Waxwing, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse, Mourning Dove, Brown Pelican, Northern Shrike, Great Crested Flycatcher, Loggerhead Shrike, Red-Cockated Woodpecker

  1. Alaska

Now this is the kind of bird I think about when it comes to Alaska. This is a magnificent bird of prey that the state could be proud of. Hell, it's even one of the few birds that can even get non-birders to come out for a look.

Now this is the kind of bird I think about when it comes to Alaska. This is a magnificent bird of prey that the state could be proud of. Hell, it’s even one of the few birds that can even get non-birders to come out for a look.

Official State Bird: Willow Ptarmigan

Why It Sucks: It’s a very common bird in Alaska, which is home to 69 species of birds that only breed there. It’s also not a bird most people imagine when they think about Alaska. Also, the name is dumb.

Best Candidate: Snowy Owl

Why: Well, I might be biased since Harry Potter owned one named Hedwig. However, this is possibly one of the birds someone imagines when they think about Alaska. This is a majestic, arctic bird of prey, which has all the makings of a truly great state bird that Alaska can be proud of.

Other Options: Horned Puffin, Gyrfalcon, Arctic Tern, Arctic Loon, Pacific Loon, Aleutian Tern, Little Auk, Great Gray Owl, Glaucous Gull, America Tree Sparrow, Golden-Crowned Sparrow, Trumpeter Swan, Tundra Swan, Emperor Goose, Wood Duck, American Widgeon, Bufflehead, Harlequin Duck, Smew, Steller’s Eider, King Eider, Horned Grebe, Red-Necked Grebe, Brandt’s Cormorant, Pelagic Cormorant, Boreal Owl, Rough-Legged Hawk, Merlin, Greater Scaup, Sandhill Crane, Semipalmated Plover, American Golden Plover, Solitary Sandpiper

  1. Arizona

While the Gila Woodpecker might be small, they are an important protector of the saguaro cactus. Not only does it eat insects that might harm the cactus, it also cuts away unhealthy flesh from the plant as well. They are also more common in Arizona than the Cactus Wren and prettier, too.

While the Gila Woodpecker might be small, they are an important protector of the saguaro cactus. Not only does it eat insects that might harm the cactus, it also cuts away unhealthy flesh from the plant as well. They are also more common in Arizona than the Cactus Wren and prettier, too.

Official State Bird: Cactus Wren

Why It Sucks: Not bad, Arizona. After all this is a desert state and the Cactus Wren is a desert bird. However, I’m not sure if it’s unique enough since Arizona isn’t the only desert state.

Best Candidate: Gila Woodpecker

Why: Well, they’re very adaptable birds in the Sonoran Desert and are associated with Saguaro cactus and Mesquite. Besides, while the Cactus Wren looks boring, the Gila Woodpecker has neat zebra wings. Not to mention, it has a bigger range than the Cactus Wren.

Other Options: Anna’s Hummingbird, California Condor, Yellow Junco, Greater Roadrunner, Great Horned Owl, Magnificent Hummingbird, Turkey Vulture, Zone-Tailed Hawk, Steller’s Jay, Gilded Flicker, Phainopepla, Painted Whitestart, Bullock’s Oriole, Ferruginous Hawk, Broad-Tailed Hummingbird, Elegant Trogon, Mexican Jay, Green-Tailed Towhee, American Dipper, Indigo Bunting, Gray Hawk, White-Throated Swift, Acorn Woodpecker, Mexican Jay, Red-Faced Warbler, Gambel’s Quail

  1. Arkansas

The Pileated Woodpecker may not be a rare bird, but its sheer size makes its presence unmistakable. Not to mention, its association with the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker makes it a good fit as the state bird of Arkansas.

The Pileated Woodpecker may not be a rare bird, but its sheer size makes its presence unmistakable. Not to mention, its association with the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker makes it a good fit as the state bird of Arkansas.

Official State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

Why It Sucks: Because it’s the state bird of 5 states and Arkansas has one of the worst reasons to claim it.

Best Candidate: Pileated Woodpecker

Why: Now this is possibly the largest woodpecker in North America (if the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is extinct by this point). Not to mention, its large size gives it a strong unmistakable presence. It’s also very adaptable in forest and other environments unlike the Ivory-Billed. Still, this is a very awesome and unique American bird.

Other Options: Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Eastern Phoebe, Chipping Sparrow, Easter Towhee, Tufted Titmouse, Eastern Screech-Owl, Barred Owl, American Crow, Eastern Whippoorwill, Great Crested Flycatcher, Loggerhead Shrike, Painted Bunting

  1. California

Though the California Condor is a scavenging buzzard, it's been seen as an important symbol for Native American mythology in California. It's also the largest land bird in North America and one of the longest living.

Though the California Condor is a scavenging buzzard, it’s been seen as an important symbol for Native American mythology in California. It’s also the largest land bird in North America and one of the longest living.

Official State Bird: California Quail

Why It Sucks: Well, it’s a unique bird for California. But it’s been misplaced in a lot of movies that some people think it lives almost anywhere (thanks to Disney, no doubt). Also, it’s a game bird and not one that embodies the spirit of the state.

Best Candidate: California Condor

Why: Because this scavenging vulture is the largest land birds of North America as well as one of the longest living. Not to mention, the state managed to have a successful breeding program and helped reintroduce them in the wild. It’s also a significant bird to California Native American tribes as well as plays an important role in several of their myths. It’s not an attractive bird but it’s a remarkable bird nevertheless.

Other Options: Western Gull, California Gull, Anna’s Hummingbird, Western Scrub Jay, Pacific Loon, Laysan Albatross, Red-Billed Tropicbird, California Thrasher, Yellow-Billed Magpie, Nuttall’s Woodpecker, Violet-Green Swallow, Cassin’s Kingbird, Black-Backed Woodpecker, Phainopepla, Bullock’s Oriole, Brewer’s Blackbird, Lazuli Bunting, Tufted Duck, Clark’s Grebe, Black Storm Petrel, Brandt’s Cormorant, California Towhee, White-Tailed Kite, Flammulated Owl, Spotted Owl, Black Phoebe, American Dipper, Barrow’s Goldeneye, Acorn Woodpecker, California Least Tern, Mountain Quail

  1. Colorado

The Gunnison Sage Grouse is known for its elaborate courtship ritual with males congregating in a lek

The Gunnison Sage Grouse is known for its elaborate courtship ritual with males congregating in a lek “strutting display” as groups of females observe and select the most attractive to mate with. And only a few males do most of the breeding.

Official State Bird: Lark Bunting

Why It Sucks: Yes, it’s a unique bird and the male is quite nice looking but it’s quite rare even in its own state.

Best Candidate: Gunnison Sage Grouse

Why: It is one of the rarest birds in North America and its population is only in a small area of Colorado. It’s also a truly unique bird in its own right with a great feather display and are notable in their unique courtship rituals. Also, most experts recommend this.

Other Options: Great Horned Owl, Belted Kingfisher, Calliope Hummingbird, Brown Capped Rosy Finch, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Bullock’s Oriole, Brewer’s Blackbird, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Greater Sage Grouse, American Three-Toed Woodpecker, Clark’s Nutcracker, Lazuli Bunting, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Grebe, Eared Grebe, Clark’s Grebe, American Dipper, Mountain Plover, White-Throated Swift, Brown-Capped Rosy Finch, Boreal Owl

  1. Connecticut

Yes, I know the Blue Jay has a reputation for being an obnoxious and aggressive bird. But they're also quite beautiful, intelligent, and tough. I mean they're known to chase hawks and owls.

Yes, I know the Blue Jay has a reputation for being an obnoxious and aggressive bird. But they’re also quite beautiful, intelligent, and tough. I mean they’re known to chase hawks and owls.

Official State Bird: American Robin

Why It Sucks: It’s a state bird in 3 states which means that Connecticut should find a new state bird.

Best Candidate: Blue Jay

Why: For one, it’s a common North American bird and a rather iconic one. It’s also a rather feisty bird known to chase predatory birds like hawks and owls as well as make a variety of sounds. Besides, it’s been cited in a couple of works by Mark Twain, one of Connecticut’s most famous residents (and let’s just say the state is home to a lot of celebrities). Why the Blue Jay isn’t already a state bird in this country, I have no idea. But it’s a better choice than the American Robin.

Other Options: Killdeer, Great Cormorant, Green Heron, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Glossy Ibis, Laughing Gull, Roseate Tern, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Eastern Kingbird, American Crow, Connecticut Warbler, Great Crested Flycatcher, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. Delaware

Like many plovers, the Piping Plover is known to feign a

Like many plovers, the Piping Plover is known to feign a “broken wing display” in order to direct a predator’s attention away from its chicks. Of course, human activity at beaches has led to a population decline that conservationists have reserved beaches for them during breeding season.

Official State Bird: Delaware Blue Hen

Why It Sucks: Face it, it’s a domesticated chicken that makes for a very lame mascot at one of its universities. Not to mention, it’s not even recognized as a chicken breed for God’s sake. It’s just a state bird due its significance in a Revolutionary War regiment in the state. And its main use was in cockfighting. Real nice. Yeah, it’s a stupid state bird in a state that’s only known for Joe Biden, corporate friendly tax rates, Dr. Oz, and not much else.

Best Candidate: Piping Plover

Why: For one, the Delaware Audubon Society has a whole article on it as an Endangered Species. Second, it’s a shorebird and is quite small and Delaware is home to a lot of coastal birds. Third, Delaware even has a program to restore this bird’s population, which has led to the state closing a beach section during its breeding season. And like Delaware, it doesn’t look anything special.

Other Options: Red Knot, Seaside Sparrow, Purple Martin, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Barn Swallow, Great Blue Heron, Tufted Titmouse, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Florida

Now the American Flamingo isn't as common in Florida as some of its other birds. And it's only recently that they have returned to the Everglades. However, it's still the bird that comes to mind when you think of Florida. So why this isn't Florida's state bird already is beyond me.

Now the American Flamingo isn’t as common in Florida as some of its other birds. And it’s only recently that they have returned to the Everglades. However, it’s still the bird that comes to mind when you think of Florida. So why this isn’t Florida’s state bird already is beyond me.

Official State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 5 states with one of them being Texas. Florida has one of the worst excuses since it has a rather diverse bird population, particularly in the Everglades which was designated as a National Park to preserve some of them. And all the birds they could’ve had to represent their state, they had to pick a small one that’s found everywhere. Really? That’s stupid.

Best Candidate: American Flamingo

Why: Basically, it’s such an iconic bird in Florida that it’s their unofficial state bird already. Of course, they’re not as common as they used to be in the state but as 2015, it’s been said that they’ve returned to the Everglades since about 147 have been seen there during the latest breeding season. Still, when you think of Florida, the American Flamingo is the first bird you think about. This is mostly because its likeness has been used in many tacky lawn decorations by Florida residents and others.

Other Options: Wood Duck, Great Blue Heron, Wood Stork, Magnificent Frigatebird, Brown Booby, Double-Crested Cormorant, Great Cormorant, Anhinga, American White Pelican, Brown Pelican, Little Blue Heron, Snowy Egret, Great Egret, Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, Green Heron, Black-Crowned Night Heron, American White Ibis, Glossy Ibis, Roseate Spoonbill, Northern Crested Caracara, Purple Gallinule, Sora, Killdeer, American Oystercatcher, Calliope Hummingbird, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Florida Scrub-Jay, Purple Martin, Painted Bunting, Hooded Merganser, Tricolored Heron, Sandhill Crane, Great Crested Flycatcher, Smooth-Billed Ani, Reddish Egret

  1. Georgia

The Eastern Towhee is a large and striking sparrow as well as the bird of the undergrowth. It's said its rummaging makes far more noise than what you'd expect for their size.

The Eastern Towhee is a large and striking sparrow as well as the bird of the undergrowth. It’s said its rummaging makes far more noise than what you’d expect for their size.

Official State Bird: Brown Thrasher

Why It Sucks: Well, for one, it’s not a compelling bird. Also, it had a hockey team named the Atlanta Thrashers which relocated to Canada and became the Calgary Flames. It’s also a rather common bird in the Southeastern US. Other than that, it’s not a terrible choice, just not one I think is good for Georgia.

Best Candidate: Eastern Towhee

Why: It is a large and striking species of sparrow that stands out better than the Brown Thrasher. Sure it’s a common eastern bird but it’s a permanent resident of Georgia as well as carries a nice sound, too. It’s also more common than a Brown Thrasher.

Other Options: Wood Duck, Blue-Winged Teal, Bufflehead, Hooded Merganser, Audubon’s Shearwater, Great Blue Heron, Little Blue Heron, Cattle Egret, American White Ibis, Black Vulture, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Eastern Kingbird, Blue Jay, Purple Martin, Cedar Waxwing, Great Crested Flycatcher, Loggerhead Shrike

  1. Hawaii

The Pueo is a actually subspecies of the Short-Eared Owl that is endemic in Hawaii. But it has been attributed by Hawaiian mythology as one of the physical forms assumed by ʻaumakua who were the ancestor spirits of Hawaiian mythology.

The Pueo is a actually subspecies of the Short-Eared Owl that is endemic in Hawaii. But it has been attributed by Hawaiian mythology as one of the physical forms assumed by ʻaumakua who were the ancestor spirits of Hawaiian mythology.

Official State Bird: Nene (Hawaiian Goose)

Why It Sucks: Now the Nene might seem like a great tropical state bird for Hawaii since it’s rather unique to the islands. However, the fact that it’s a goose is kind of disappointing to say the least. Besides, Hawaii must have other more interesting species than this one. Not the kind of bird I’d want to see on a postcard from there.

Best Candidate: Pueo (Hawaiian Short-Eared Owl)

Why: Well, because this owl is a rather significant bird in Hawaiian folklore as one of the physical forms of the ancestor spirits. It is deemed as a sacred family protector and bringer of good luck, despite being endangered. Besides, an owl is a better state bird than a goose any day of the week.

Other Options: Brant Goose, Laysan Albatross, Black-Footed Albatross, Hawaiian Petrel, Bonin Petrel, Newell’s Shearwater, Hawaiian Hawk, Hawaiian Coot, Hawaiian Black Noddy, Kauaʻi ʻelepaio, Oʻahu ʻelepaio, Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio, ʻŌmaʻo, Nihoa Finch, Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi, Liwi, ʻAnianiau, ʻApapane, Red Crested Cardinal, Hawaiian Gallinule, Hawaiian Stilt

  1. Idaho

Now the Pinyon Jay isn't a common bird in Idaho, people in this state seem to hold some kind of affection for it. Nevertheless, their highly social behavior makes them a rather dependable presence in the state.

Now the Pinyon Jay isn’t a common bird in Idaho, people in this state seem to hold some kind of affection for it. Nevertheless, their highly social behavior makes them a rather dependable presence in the state.

Official State Bird: Mountain Bluebird

Why It Sucks: Because it shares its state bird with Nevada. Not to mention, there aren’t many in that state.

Best Candidate: Pinyon Jay

Why: Well, for one, Idaho State University has a press venture named after it. Second, despite it appearing in a few southern Idaho counties, it seems to have a rather special place in that state. However, unlike the Mountain Bluebird, the Pinyon Jay is said to be seen in Idaho every month of the year, especially during the summer.

Other Options: Franklin’s Gull, Western Gull, Black-Billed Cuckoo, Band-Tailed Pidgeon, Great Horned Owl, Barred Owl, Great Gray Owl, Long-Eared Owl, Black-Backed Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Loggerhead Shrike, Great Gray Shrike, Steller’s Jay, Western Scrub-Jay, Bullock’s Oriole, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Rufous Hummingbird, Peregrine Falcon, Lazuli Bunting, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Grebe, Eared Grebe, Clark’s Grebe, White-Throated Swift, Boreal Owl

  1. Illinois

The male Greater Prairie Chicken is a highly territorial bird that often defends his booming grounds. It's the place where he performs his display to attract females by inflating the air sacs on their neck. It's said that one or two of the most dominant males do 90% of the mating.

The male Greater Prairie Chicken is a highly territorial bird that often defends his booming grounds. It’s the place where he performs his display to attract females by inflating the air sacs on their neck. It’s said that one or two of the most dominant males do 90% of the mating.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: Because the Northern Cardinal is the state bird for 7 states. That’s more than how many states have been home to Abraham Lincoln who spent most of his life there.

Best Candidate: Greater Prairie Chicken

Why: While it’s not as common in Illinois as the Northern Cardinal and only found in Southern Illinois, it’s nevertheless a rather unique bird to the state. They also kind of have a great combination of Springfield folksiness you’d associate with Lincoln as well as the badassery and rowdiness you’d associate with Chicago.

Other Options: Common Loon, White Breasted Nuthatch, Downy Woodpecker, Ruby Throated Hummingbird, Cedar Waxwing, Dark-Eyed Junco, Eastern Goldfinch, Great Horned Owl, American Kestrel, Dickcissel, Eastern Kingbird, Indigo Bunting, Red Wing Blackbird, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Indiana

The Bobolink is said to be one of the world's most impressive songbird migrants traveling some 12,500 miles from South America per year. In their lifetime it's said they may travel the equivalent of 4 or 5 times around the circumference of the earth. Also, while a male may mate with several females, each clutch of eggs laid by a single female may have multiple fathers.

The Bobolink is said to be one of the world’s most impressive songbird migrants traveling some 12,500 miles from South America per year. In their lifetime it’s said they may travel the equivalent of 4 or 5 times around the circumference of the earth. Also, while a male may mate with several females, each clutch of eggs laid by a single female may have multiple fathers.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: As with Illinois, it’s the state bird of 7 states which is more than states claiming to be the home of Abraham Lincoln, who spent his later childhood and teenage years there.

Best Candidate: Bobolink

Why: Besides its awesome name and unique appearance, this is a much more unique bird to Indiana than the Northern Cardinal which is everywhere. Bobolinks are only prevalent in the Northeast and Midwest. Besides, it has an awesome color scheme.

Other Options: White-Breasted Nuthatch, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Brown-Headed Cowbird, Downy Woodpecker, Dark-Eyed Junco, Mourning Dove, Song Sparrow, Scarlet Tanager, Common Loon, American Kestrel, Blue Grosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Blue Grosbeak, Lincoln’s Sparrow, Purple Martin, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Iowa

The Dickcissel is a grassland bird that prefers the fields of the Midwest. The males are also said to have up to six mates but most usually have one or two.

The Dickcissel is a grassland bird that prefers the fields of the Midwest. The males are also said to have up to six mates but most usually have one or two.

Official State Bird: Eastern Goldfinch

Why It Sucks: Well, despite having a good reason for the Eastern Goldfinch, it’s also the state bird of New Jersey and Washington.

Best Candidate: Dickcissel

Why: Let’s face it, this is a unique bird in the Midwest and Iowa is a state best known for its agriculture. It also has a great unique name as well as polygynous mating habits, which is rare for a songbird. But it kind of fits well how Iowa was one of the first states to legalize gay marriage, a measure nobody expected.

Other Options: Red-Winged Blackbird, Greater Prairie Chicken, American Kestrel, Rough-Legged Hawk, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Prairie Falcon, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Barn Owl, Tree Swallow, Cedar Waxwing, Mississippi Kite, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Kansas

The American Crow is a true survivor since it's highly adaptable, social, and intelligent that no matter how much humans want to kill them, they will keep coming. They're also known for traveling in family groups of up to 15 and contain young from 5 different years. They can sometimes make and use tools.

The American Crow is a true survivor since it’s highly adaptable, social, and intelligent that no matter how much humans want to kill them, they will keep coming. They’re also known for traveling in family groups of up to 15 and contain young from 5 different years. They can sometimes make and use tools.

Official State Bird:  Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 6 states, including a couple of its neighbors.

Best Candidate: American Crow

Why: Because the American Crow is among one of the smartest and most underrated North American Birds. Not to mention, Kansas has dealt with a lot of crap during its history such as tornadoes, violent disputes over slavery, the Dust Bowl, terrible school boards, and Sam Brownback. The American Crow has been seen as a pest and there have been efforts to eliminate it. But still, it’s a very resilient and adaptable bird that also fulfills a key purpose like Kansas. So I think it’s one that represents Kansas the best. Besides, it’s about time the American Crow should be a state bird.

Other Options: Ruffed Grouse, Lesser Prairie Chicken, Northern Bobwhite, Scaled Quail, Mississippi Kite, Cooper’s Hawk, American Kestrel, Prairie Falcon, Barn Owl, Prairie Falcon, Dickcissel, Whooping Crane, Great Crested Flycatcher, Upland Sandpiper

  1. Kentucky

The Blue Grosbeak is a member of the same family as the Northern Cardinal even if you might not have heard of it. And since Kentucky is the Bluegrass State, perhaps this would make a more appropriate state bird. Just call it a

The Blue Grosbeak is a member of the same family as the Northern Cardinal even if you might not have heard of it. And since Kentucky is the Bluegrass State, perhaps this would make a more appropriate state bird. Just call it a “blue cardinal” because that’s what it pretty much is.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 7 states which is more than those who claim to be the Land of Lincoln. Of course, this was where Lincoln was born.

Best Candidate: Blue Grosbeak

Why: For one, it’s in the same family as the Northern Cardinal. Second, since Kentucky is known as “the Bluegrass State” it’s only fair that it should be represented by a bird with blue feathers. I think it’s a good compromise.

Other Options: Field Sparrow, Indigo Bunting, American Kestrel, Kentucky Warbler, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Tree Swallow, Blue Jay, Evening Grosbeak, Red-Winged Blackbird. American Crow, Purple Martin, Blue Grosbeak, American Kestrel, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Louisiana

Though the Brown Pelican is the Louisiana state bird, it doesn't spend a lot of time in the state nor does it appear on the state flag. However, the American While Pelican does as a winter visitor and the pelican on Louisiana's state flag is certainly white. So perhaps the Pelican State should try this pelican as their state bird instead.

Though the Brown Pelican is the Louisiana state bird, it doesn’t spend a lot of time in the state nor does it appear on the state flag. However, the American While Pelican does as a winter visitor and the pelican on Louisiana’s state flag is certainly white. So perhaps the Pelican State should try this pelican as their state bird instead.

Official State Bird: Brown Pelican

Why It Sucks: Well, this isn’t a bad state bird since Louisiana is known as “the Pelican State.” But it’s not an attractive bird. Also, it’s not even the pelican that appears on its state flag. Besides, it’s not a common bird in Louisiana.

Best Candidate: American White Pelican

Why: Because the pelican on the Louisiana State Flag is always white, not brown. To have the American White Pelican as its state bird would make much better sense. And unlike the Brown Pelican, it does spend time in Louisiana (though it doesn’t necessarily breed there).

Other Options: Common Loon, Great Blue Heron, Anhinga, Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, Wood Duck, Wood Stork, Double-Crested Cormorant, Green Heron, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Tricolored Heron, Little Blue Heron, White Ibis, Glossy Ibis, Roseate Spoonbill, Purple Gallinule, Belted Kingfisher, Crested Caracara, Louisiana Waterthrush, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Maine

The Atlantic Puffin looks like the clown of the sea and its US breeding spot is off the coast of Maine. Its bright colors make it one of Maine's most popular birds that their nesting colonies have become significant tourist destinations for birdwatchers.

The Atlantic Puffin looks like the clown of the sea and its US breeding spot is off the coast of Maine. Its bright colors make it one of Maine’s most popular birds that their nesting colonies have become significant tourist destinations for birdwatchers.

Official State Bird: Black-Capped Chickadee

Why It Sucks: Has the same state bird as Massachusetts. It’s also a rather common American bird as well. It’s cute but Maine can do better.

Best Candidate: Atlantic Puffin

Why: It’s not a common bird in Maine (residing on 5 islands off the coast) but it has at least 2 things going for it, especially since attempts to restore it to its historical range have been successful in the state. For one, it’s one of Maine’s most popular birds that their nesting colonies have become significant tourist destinations for birdwatchers. There are even boating tours to see these birds during the summer. Second, it’s basically the only state in the US where these adorable Subarctic birds reside. Thus, while it’s adorable, it’s also one of the most unique birds in Maine.

Other Options: Snow Goose, Wood Duck, Spruce Grouse, Blue Jay, American Kestrel, Common Loon, Leach’s Storm Petrel, Great Blue Heron, Snowy Egret, Black Vulture, Osprey, Cooper’s Hawk, American Oystercatcher, Common Tern, Belted Kingfisher, Philadelphia Vireo, Common Raven, Purple Martin, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Cedar Waxwing, Seaside Sparrow, Red Wing Blackbird, Indigo Bunting, Acadian Flycatcher, Great Crested Flycatcher, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. Maryland

Edgar Allan Poe might not have spent a lot of time in Baltimore but since he died under mysterious circumstances in 1849, he will always be associated with the state of Maryland. And since he's most famous for

Edgar Allan Poe might not have spent a lot of time in Baltimore but since he died under mysterious circumstances in 1849, he will always be associated with the state of Maryland. And since he’s most famous for “The Raven” so would the Common Raven. Not to mention, Maryland is home to the Baltimore Ravens but we’ll discuss Ray Lewis’s murder allegations nevermore.

Official State Bird: Baltimore Oriole

Why It Sucks: While it does make sense for Maryland to have this as their state bird as well as a name of Baltimore’s Major League Baseball team, there aren’t many in the state.

Best Candidate: Common Raven

Why: Aside from the Baltimore Oriole, this is the other bird identified with Maryland. Edgar Allan Poe is associated with the city of Baltimore despite the fact he only lived there for 2 years and dying there in 1849 under interesting circumstances. Nevertheless, he’s buried there though. He’s best known for his poem, “The Raven” from where the Baltimore Ravens get their name (though they were previously the Cleveland Browns before moving there). Sure it might not be a common bird in the state, but it’s a rather significant one due to its connection to Poe and American Literature. Besides, more people are familiar with Poe’s “The Raven” than Lord Baltimore.

Other Options: Osprey, Barnacle Goose, Hooded Merganser, Common Loon, Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, Great Egret, Wood Stork, American Kestrel, Cooper’s Hawk, Killdeer, Royal Tern, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Blue Jay, American Crow, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Red Wing Blackbird, American Oystercatcher, Orchard Oriole, Eastern Kingbird, Northern Shrike, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Massachusetts

Since Massachusetts was the site of the First Thanksgiving, I thought it would only be appropriate that its state bird be the Wild Turkey. Of course, unlike their domesticated counterparts, they're actually quite smart as well as agile flyers. However, they usually can't fly higher than a quarter mile.

Since Massachusetts was the site of the First Thanksgiving, I thought it would only be appropriate that its state bird be the Wild Turkey. Of course, unlike their domesticated counterparts, they’re actually quite smart as well as agile flyers. However, they usually can’t fly higher than a quarter mile.

Official State Bird: Black-Capped Chickadee

Why It Sucks: Has the same state bird as Maine. Cute but Massachusetts can do better.

Best Candidate: Wild Turkey

Why: For one, it’s the Massachusetts state game bird so it probably has reasonable appeal as a state symbol. Second, like Massachusetts, it’s associated with Thanksgiving, an American national holiday. Third, it was even recommended as a national symbol by Benjamin Franklin who was a native of Boston. Let’s just say between this bird and the Black-Capped Chickadee, the Wild Turkey is a more appropriate choice for Massachusetts’ state bird.

Other Options: Kirtland’s Warbler, Piping Plover, Blue Jay, Chimney Swift, Orchard Oriole, Cedar Waxwing, Brown-Headed Cowbird, Dark-Eyed Junco, Great Blue Heron, Common Loon, Leach’s Storm Petrel, Snowy Egret, Little Blue Heron, American Kestrel, Cooper’s Hawk, Norther Goshawk, Red-Tailed Hawk, Red-Shouldered Hawk, American Oystercatcher, Laughing Gull, Roseate Tern, Barn Owl, Great Horned Owl, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Common Tern, Red Wing Blackbird, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Fish Crow, Herring Gull, Great Crested Flycatcher, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. Michigan

Kirtland's Warbler is a rare bird of Michigan's jack pine forests. It depends on fire to provide small trees and open areas meeting its nesting requirements. Yes, this bird really hates Smoky the Bear's guts.

Kirtland’s Warbler is a rare bird of Michigan’s jack pine forests. It depends on fire to provide small trees and open areas meeting its nesting requirements. Yes, this bird really hates Smoky the Bear’s guts.

Official State Bird: American Robin

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird in 3 states in the country. Time for Michigan to find a new state bird. Besides, it’s a very common bird anyway when the state can do better.

Best Candidate: Kirtland’s Warbler

Why: For one it’s a bird that pretty much resides in this state which was almost extinct nearly 50 years ago, but they’ve made a recovery. It’s now classified as Near Threatened. Also, it has a community college named after it. Still, it would be a better bird than the American Robin.

Other Options: Wood Duck, Common Loon, American Kestrel, Red Wing Blackbird, Green-Tailed Towhee, American Tree Sparrow, Cape May Warbler, Cedar Waxwing, Great Blue Heron, Purple Martin, Barn Swallow, Cave Swallow, Blue Jay, American Crow, Northern Shrike, Eastern Kingbird, Downy Woodpecker, Belted Kingfisher, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Barn Owl, Killdeer, Red-Tailed Hawk, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Dark-Eyed Junco, Cooper’s Hawk, Herring Gull, Great Crested Flycatcher, Black Tern, Sandhill Crane, Upland Sandpiper

  1. Minnesota

Minnesota has the highest remaining density of the Golden-Winged Warbler. In fact, it's home to about half its global population. However, these birds have also experienced one of the steepest declines of any songbird species in the last 45 years.

Minnesota has the highest remaining density of the Golden-Winged Warbler. In fact, it’s home to about half its global population. However, these birds have also experienced one of the steepest declines of any songbird species in the last 45 years.

Official State Bird: Common Loon

Why It Sucks: Well, the Common Loon is a nice bird. But it usually resides more often in Michigan than Minnesota (even if the latter has a lot of lakes) as well as winters on the American Coast. Minnesota may be in the Great Lakes region but it’s more of an inland state.

Best Candidate: Golden-Winged Warbler

Why: For one, it’s more common in Minnesota than the Common Loon. Second, it’s known to breed in this state as well as in Wisconsin. Still, it may not be a Common Loon but it’s a rather magnificent and more appropriate bird for the state.

Other Options: Sedge Wren, Greater Prairie Chicken, Ruffed Grouse, Sharp-Tailed Grouse, Green Heron, Cooper’s Hawk, American Kestrel, Common Gallinule, Killdeer, Parasitic Jaeger, Barn Owl, Great Horned Owl, Black-Backed Woodpecker, Northern Goshawk, Piping Plover, Common Tern, Common Redpoll, Blue Jay, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Black-Capped Chickadee, Wood Duck, Scarlet Tanager, Great Blue Heron, Blackburnian Warbler, Indigo Bunting, Osprey, Great Crested Flycatcher, Ruffed Grouse, Trumpeter Swan, Double-Crested Cormorant, Black Tern, Upland Sandpiper

  1. Mississippi

The Great Blue Heron is a majestic sight whether poised on a river or cruising a coastline with slow, deep, wingbeats. Though it may seem motionless and slow moving at times, it can strike like lightning to grab a fish or snap a gopher. Can also hunt at night or day.

The Great Blue Heron is a majestic sight whether poised on a river or cruising a coastline with slow, deep, wingbeats. Though it may seem motionless and slow moving at times, it can strike like lightning to grab a fish or snap a gopher. Can also hunt at night or day.

Official State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 5 states in the country. I’m sure Mississippi has a more diverse bird population that it could do better.

Best Candidate: Great Blue Heron

Why: Let’s just say it’s a prevalent bird in the Mississippi and the Great Egret is already a symbol for The Audubon Society. Mississippi is also known to have wetlands and waterways which the Great Blue Heron is well suited for. Besides, it’s a better state bird choice than the Northern Mockingbird.

Other Options: Wood Duck, Great Egret, Yellow-Breasted Chat, Downy Woodpecker, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Yellow-Rumped Warbler, Eastern Towhee, Blue Jay, Cedar Waxwing, Herring Gull, American Crow, American Coot, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Belted Kingfisher, Mississippi Kite, Killdeer, Anhinga, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Missouri

The American Kestrel is the smallest falcon of North America. Yet, it packs a predator's intensity into its small body. It can also see ultraviolet light and hide surplus kills to save food in lean times and conceal it from thieves.

The American Kestrel is the smallest falcon of North America. Yet, it packs a predator’s intensity into its small body. It can also see ultraviolet light and hide surplus kills to save food in lean times and conceal it from thieves.

Official State Bird: Eastern Bluebird

Why It Sucks: Shares the same state bird as New York. And it’s not as common as you might think due to having to compete with invasive species like sparrows and starlings.

Best Candidate: American Kestrel

Why: Missouri has often been in the middle of a lot of stuff during its history. It was a border state during the antebellum years as well as the starting point in the Oregon Trail. It had residents fight on both sides during the American Civil War and was the home of Quantrill’s Raiders (that included the James brothers). Besides, it has a reputation as a bellwether state and is home to a lot of wildlife diversity. And since the American Kestrel is a common bird of prey that lives in a variety of habitats as well as resides in the state year round, I can’t think of better bird to represent the state. Not to mention, it’s known to be quite feisty like Missouri native Harry Truman.

Other Options: Northern Cardinal, Wood Duck, Blue Jay, Easter Whippoorwill, Henslow’s Sparrow, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Great Blue Heron, Osprey, Cooper’s Hawk, American Coot, Tufted Titmouse, Downy Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Red-Tailed Hawk, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Red Wing Blackbird, Barn Owl, Purple Martin, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Montana

McCown's Longspur is the songbird of the barren ground in the Great Plains such as short grass prairies and overgrazed pastures. The male is known to maintain its territory through aerial displays.

McCown’s Longspur is the songbird of the barren ground in the Great Plains such as short grass prairies and overgrazed pastures. The male is known to maintain its territory through aerial displays.

Official State Bird: Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: For one, it’s a state bird of 6 states. Besides, Montana is the home to a lot of birds as well, which doesn’t give it much of an excuse.

Best Candidate: McCown’s Longspur

Why: Because it mostly breeds in this state during the summer (along with Wyoming). They also are known for characteristic aerial and song displays. It’s a more unique bird to the state than the Western Meadowlark.

Other Options: Vesper Sparrow, Long-Tailed Duck, Greater Sage Grouse, Dusky Grouse, Cooper’s Hawk, Red-Tailed Hawk, Northern Goshawk, Ferruginous Hawk, Great Horned Owl, Flammulated Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Barred Owl, Long-Eared Owl, Great Gray Owl, Calliope Hummingbird, Steller’s Jay, Western Scrub Jay, Clark’s Nutcracker, Black-Billed Magpie, American Kestrel, Merlin, Prairie Falcon, American Crow, Bullock’s Oriole, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Townsend’s Solitaire, Pinyon Jay, Cedar Waxwing, Sprauge’s Pipit, Cassin’s Kingbird, Lazuli Bunting, Trumpeter Swan, Western Grebe, Eared Grebe, Double-Crested Cormorant, Mountain Plover, Upland Sandpiper, Boreal Owl

  1. Nebraska

The Sandhill Crane may only be a migratory visitor to Nebraska. But from February to April each year, 500,000 of them return to feed at Nebraska's Platte River as one of the largest congregation of birds of North America. Such event attracts 12,000 to 15,000 tourists and there's even a Crane festival in March.

The Sandhill Crane may only be a migratory visitor to Nebraska. But from February to April each year, 500,000 of them return to feed at Nebraska’s Platte River as one of the largest congregation of birds of North America. Such event attracts 12,000 to 15,000 tourists and there’s even a Crane festival in March.

Official State Bird: Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: It’s a state bird of 6 states. Time for Nebraska to find something else to represent their state.

Best Candidate: Sandhill Crane

Why: Because 500,000 of these birds return to Nebraska’s Platte River every year around February to April. However, it’s one of the largest bird congregation spectacle in North America which brings between 12,000 and 15,000 people to the area each year. There’s even a crane festival in March.

Other Options: Greater Prairie Chicken, Red-Tailed Hawk, Whooping Crane, Killdeer, Blue Jay, Piping Plover, Bobolink, Least Tern, Harris’s Sparrow, Great Crested Flycatcher, White-Fronted Goose, Mallard Duck, Northern Pintail, Lesser Snow Goose, Black-Billed Magpie, Upland Sandpiper

  1. Nevada

The Greater Sage-Grouse may only inhabit northern Nevada. But I'm sure the male of this species looks like he's straight from Las Vegas.

The Greater Sage-Grouse may only inhabit northern Nevada. But I’m sure the male of this species looks like he’s straight from Las Vegas.

Official State Bird: Mountain Bluebird

Why It Sucks: It shares the same state bird with Idaho. Besides, Nevada could at least have more showy bird than that. I mean Nevada is famous for tackiness, sin, vice, gambling, quickie divorces, marrying under the influence, materialism, prostitution, atomic testing, and other crazy things. The state bird should reflect that. And the Mountain Bluebird doesn’t really hold a candle to that since it’s too nice.

Best Candidate: Greater Sage Grouse

Why: Despite being more abundant in Wyoming, this is the perfect state bird for Nevada. For one, it inhabits the northern part of state year round. Secondly, the male of the species looks as if you’d expect it to come out of Las Vegas. Not to mention, it has a rather elaborate mating ritual.

Other Options: White-Faced Ibis, Dusky Grouse, Sooty Grouse, Turkey Vulture, Common Black-Hawk, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Mountain Plover, Greater Roadrunner, Long-Eared Owl, Great Horned Owl, Great Gray Owl, Gila Woodpecker, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Scrub-Jay, Clark’s Nutcracker, Western Tanager, Red Wing Blackbird, Great-Tailed Grackle, Bullock’s Oriole, Brewer’s Blackbird, Evening Grosbeak, Juniper Titmouse, Calliope Hummingbird, Lazuli Bunting, Eared Grebe, Clark’s Grebe, American Dipper

  1. New Hampshire

The Red-Tailed Hawk is the most common hawk of North America. It is a large sharp-taloned bird that can be aggressive when defending their nests and territories. When courting, these birds fly with their legs beneath them, sometimes locking talons. Mated pairs typically stay together until one of them dies.

The Red-Tailed Hawk is the most common hawk of North America. It is a large sharp-taloned bird that can be aggressive when defending their nests and territories. When courting, these birds fly with their legs beneath them, sometimes locking talons. Mated pairs typically stay together until one of them dies.

Official State Bird: Purple Finch

Why It Sucks: For one, it’s not really purple. Second, the male’s plumage of Neapolitan ice cream getting all mixed up. Third, it’s kind of ugly to say the least.

Best Candidate: Red-Tailed Hawk

Why: Face it, there was a group of 4th graders who wanted it to be their state raptor. Their proposal was turned down in the New Hampshire State Legislature in front of their faces. I think it would be best if the legislature reconvened and named this their state bird instead of the Purple Finch. Besides, its feathers were seen as sacred by many Native American tribes Not only that, but they’re really cool to say the least. Has all kinds of subspecies and morphs, too. Yeah, the Red-Tailed Hawk is awesome and it should be a state bird.

Other Options: Black-Capped Chickadee, American Redstart, Purple Martin, American Crow, Blue Jay, Cedar Waxwing, Eastern Goldfinch, Common Grackle, Cooper’s Hawk, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Tufted Titmouse, Killdeer, American Oystercatcher, Osprey, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. New Jersey

The Black Skimmer's remarkable bill sets it apart from all other American birds. Its large red and black bill is knife thin and the lower manible is longer than the upper. The bird drags the lower bill through the water as it flies through the water it flies along, hoping to catch a small fish.

The Black Skimmer’s remarkable bill sets it apart from all other American birds. Its large red and black bill is knife thin and the lower manible is longer than the upper. The bird drags the lower bill through the water as it flies through the water it flies along, hoping to catch a small fish.

Official State Bird: Eastern Goldfinch

Why It Sucks: Shares the same state bird with Iowa and Washington. Also, doesn’t really live up to New Jersey’s reputation if you know what I mean. Besides, it has a better birding acclaim and can do better.

Best Candidate: Black Skimmer

Why: For one, despite New Jersey’s reputation, at least the state is doing something to conserve this bird’s population in its breeding range on the Jersey Shore. Second, you can joke by how this bird’s name describes a lot of New Jersey’s politicians since it has a horrible reputation for corruption.

Other Options: Seaside Sparrow, Wood Duck, Greater Scaup, Hooded Merganser, Pie-Billed Grebe, Northern Gannet, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Green Heron, Glossy Ibis, Osprey, Cooper’s Hawk, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Peregrine Falcon, American Kestrel, Common Gallinule, Killdeer, Piping Plover, American Oystercatcher, Laughing Gull, Roseate Tern, Black Tern, Royal Tern, Long-Eared Owl, Eastern Screech Owl, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Purple Martin, Cedar Waxwing, Great Crested Flycatcher, Fish Crow, Herring Gull, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. New Mexico

The Steller's Jay moves around with bold hops of their long legs, both on the ground and on the spokelike main branches of conifers. It also has incredible spatial memories as well as rob caches and nests of other birds. They are very social and can sometimes join mixed species flocks. Not to mention, it can keep up a running commentary on events as well as instigate mobbing of predators and other dangerous intruders.

The Steller’s Jay moves around with bold hops of their long legs, both on the ground and on the spokelike main branches of conifers. It also has incredible spatial memories as well as rob caches and nests of other birds. They are very social and can sometimes join mixed species flocks. Not to mention, it can keep up a running commentary on events as well as instigate mobbing of predators and other dangerous intruders.

Official State Bird: Roadrunner

Why It Sucks: Now this is an appropriate state bird. However, I’m sure there are people in this state who aren’t pleased because they’re fans of Wiley Coyote. Perhaps New Mexico should be represented by a less controversial bird.

Best Candidate: Steller’s Jay

Why: First, it appears in most of New Mexico all year round. Second, its colorful feathers help reflect the state’s vibrant art culture that’s replete with Mexican and Southwest Native American influences. Nevertheless, it’s a very beautiful bird for a state like New Mexico.

Other Options: Chihuahuan Raven, Scaled Quail, Turkey Vulture, Zone-Tailed Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, Hen Harrier, Swainson’s Hawk, Long-Eared Owl, Great Horned Owl, White-Eared Hummingbird, Black-Chinned Hummingbird, Anna’s Hummingbird, Broad-Tailed Hummingbird, Gila Woodpecker, Western Scrub-Jay, Clark’s Nutcracker, Evening Grosbeak, Bullock’s Oriole, Red Wing Blackbird, Green-Tailed Towhee, American Dipper, Indigo Bunting, Mountain Plover, White-Throated Swift, Acorn Woodpecker, Aplomado Falcon

  1. New York

The Peregrine Falcon is the fastest animal in the world flying over 200 mph during its characteristic hunting stoop. It's also among the most widespread, seen in almost every place on earth except extreme polar regions, very high mountains, most tropical rain forests, and New Zealand.

The Peregrine Falcon is the fastest animal in the world flying over 200 mph during its characteristic hunting stoop. It’s also among the most widespread, seen in almost every place on earth except extreme polar regions, very high mountains, most tropical rain forests, and New Zealand.

Official State Bird: Eastern Bluebird

Why It Sucks: It shares the same state bird as Missouri. Not to mention, it’s not an appropriate bird to represent the state.

Best Candidate: Peregrine Falcon

Why: For one, New York was a leading state that helped restore its population after it was nearly depleted by DDT and other pesticide. Second, it’s practically the fastest animal on earth with a speed of over 200 mph. Third, it’s a very adaptable bird that has resided almost everywhere. Besides, as a city bird, they are highly beneficial to the ecosystem, especially when it comes to controlling the feral pigeon population, which are outright pests.

Other Options: Cerulean Warbler, Ring-Billed Gull, Wood Duck, Blue-Winged Teal, Common Goldeneye, Hooded Merganser, Common Loon, Double-Breasted Cormorant, Herring Gull, Great Egret, Great Blue Heron, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, Glossy Ibis, Cooper’s Hawk, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, American Kestrel, Blue Jay, Red-Tailed Hawk, Golden Eagle, Laughing Gull, Herring Gull, Great Black-Backed Gull, Roseate Tern, Barn Owl, Great Horned Owl, Eastern Screech Owl, Long-Eared Owl, Northern Saw-Whet Owl, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Eastern Kingbird, Loggerhead Shrike, American Crow, Common Raven, Purple Martin, Tree Swallow, Cedar Waxwing, Prothonotary Warbler, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Loggerhead Shrike, Horned Lark, Cape May Warbler, Great Crested Flycatcher, Black-Throated Blue Warbler

  1. North Carolina

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the only breeding hummingbird in eastern North America. But in terms of area, it occupies the largest breeding range in the continent. Still, it's said that people in North Carolina love this little hummingbird that many put hummingbird feeders to watch them.

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the only breeding hummingbird in eastern North America. But in terms of area, it occupies the largest breeding range in the continent. Still, it’s said that people in North Carolina love this little hummingbird that many put hummingbird feeders to watch them.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 7 states. Yes, it’s common and it’s pretty. But still, it’s used to represent 7 states, which means it’s time for a more appropriate state bird.

Best Candidate: Ruby-Throated Hummingbird

Why: Because it’s one of the most loved birds of the state that many people put up hummingbird feeders to watch them. Besides, it’s a beautiful bird in its own right that fits well on a postcard and it’s about time that it should be a state bird. Not to mention, it’s a way better choice than the Northern Cardinal.

Other Options: Carolina Wren, Prothonotary Warbler, Royal Tern, Carolina Chickadee, Wood Duck, Hooded Merganser, Bufflehead, Common Loon, Audubon’s Shearwater, Leach’s Storm Petrel, Brown Pelican, American White Pelican, Double-Breasted Cormorant, Anhinga, Great Cormorant, Great Egret, Great Blue Heron, Little Blue Heron, Green Heron, Snowy Egret, American White Ibis, Black Skimmer, Herring Gull, Eastern Whippoorwill, Belted Kingfisher, Pileated Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Eastern Kingbird, Loggerhead Shrike, Cedar Waxwing, Blue Jay, American Crow, Purple Martin, Tree Swallow, Red Wing Blackbird, Brown Thrasher, Eastern Towhee, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Cerulean Warbler, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. North Dakota

The Blue-Winged Teal is among the latest ducks to migrate northward in the spring, and one of the first to migrate southward in the fall. They can also migrate long distances with some going all the way from Canada to South America. And since North Dakota is known as America's duck nursery, it would make an appropriate state bird.

The Blue-Winged Teal is among the latest ducks to migrate northward in the spring, and one of the first to migrate southward in the fall. They can also migrate long distances with some going all the way from Canada to South America. And since North Dakota is known as America’s duck nursery, it would make an appropriate state bird.

Official State Bird: Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 6 states. North Dakota needs something more original since it’s said to be quite famous for its birds, particularly its ducks.

Best Candidate: Blue-Winged Teal

Why: For one, it’s one of the more common ducks in North Dakota and not in the nation (which is obviously the Mallard). Second, the state is famous among birders and hunters as America’s duck nursery. So it only makes sense that North Dakota should have a duck as its state bird.

Other Options: Nelson’s Sparrow, Chestnut-Collared Longspur, Wood Duck, American Wigeon, American Black Duck, Northern Pintail, Greater Scaup, Common Loon, Ruffed Grouse, Red-Tailed Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Broad-Winged Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, Prairie Falcon, Gyrfalcon, Bufflehead, Hooded Merganser, Great Horned Owl, Barred Owl, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Northern Shrike, Clark’s Nutcracker, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Bobolink, American Avocet, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Baird’s Sparrow, Ruddy Duck, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Grebe, Eared Grebe, Double-Crested Cormorant, Upland Sandpiper

  1. Ohio

Since the Cleveland Browns decided to high tail it to Baltimore and change their name to the Ravens, I think it's only fair that Ohio gets to use the Baltimore Oriole as its state bird. From now on, it'll be known as the

Since the Cleveland Browns decided to high tail it to Baltimore and change their name to the Ravens, I think it’s only fair that Ohio gets to use the Baltimore Oriole as its state bird. From now on, it’ll be known as the “Cleveland Oriole.”

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 7 states so yeah, which is as many as Ohio has presidents born there. Ohio needs a new and more original state bird.

Best Candidate: Baltimore Oriole

Why: For one, it has a similar color scheme as the Cincinnati Bengals to some extent. Second, it’s more common in Ohio than Maryland as well as well-loved there. And third, since Baltimore already took Cleveland’s football team and won 2 Super Bowls, I kind of thought it was only fair for Ohio to take Maryland’s current state bird as fair compensation. So in Ohio, this bird will now be called the “Cleveland Oriole.”

Other Options: Willow Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Blue-Winged Warbler, Ruffed Grouse, Indigo Bunting, Red-Tailed Hawk, Northern Bobwhite, American Kestrel, Killdeer, Mourning Dove, Black-Billed Cuckoo, Yellow-Billed Cuckoo, Great Horned Owl, Eastern Screech Owl, Barred Owl, Common Nighthawk, Chimney Swift, Whippoorwill, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Downy Woodpecker, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Northern Flicker, Pileated Woodpecker, Eastern Wood Pewee, Acadian Flycatcher, Easter Kingbird, Blue-Headed Vireo, Blue Jay, American Crow, Horned Lark, Purple Martin, Barn Swallow, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Tufted Titmouse, Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher, Cedar Waxwing, Northern Parula, Scarlet Tanager, Eastern Towhee, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Blue Grosbeak, Dickissel, Bobolink, Red Wing Blackbird, Common Grackle, Great Crested Flycatcher

  1. Oklahoma

The male Painted Bunting is said to be the most beautiful bird in North America. Unfortunately, this doesn't stop it from being captured as a caged bird during its wintering in Central America. Now the species is Near Threatened.

The male Painted Bunting is said to be the most beautiful bird in North America. Unfortunately, this doesn’t stop it from being captured as a caged bird during its wintering in Central America. Now the species is Near Threatened.

Official State Bird: Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher

Why It Sucks: Well, it’s a unique and interesting bird. But I’m not sure about its feathers which are kind of drab. Besides, Oklahoma can do better.

Best Candidate: Painted Bunting

Why: It is said to be the most beautiful bird in North America and it breeds in this state. Though difficult to find due to a declining population because of people in Central America, Mexico, and Cuba selling them as pets during their migration, Oklahoma is one of 4 states to have a significant population. Still, it’s a truly beautiful bird that should be on a postage stamp.

Other Options: Northern Bobwhite, Eastern Meadowlark, Mississippi Kite, Common Grackle, Cooper’s Hawk, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Lesser Prairie Chicken, Scaled Quail, Northern Harrier, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Broad-Winged Hawk, Prairie Falcon, Common Gallinule, Barn Owl, Black-Billed Cuckoo, Greater Roadrunner, Great Horned Owl, Long-Eared Owl, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Golden-Fronted Woodpecker, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Great Crested Flycatcher, Loggerhead Shrike, Purple Martin, Cedar Waxwing, Blue Grosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Red Wing Blackbird

  1. Oregon

Now the American Dipper might not look any more than a stocky gray bird. But as North America's only songbird, it has an extra eyelid to see underwater. It's also known for its domed, ball-like nest near waterways.

Now the American Dipper might not look any more than a stocky gray bird. But as North America’s only songbird, it has an extra eyelid to see underwater. It’s also known for its domed, ball-like nest near waterways.

Official State Bird: Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 6 states. This means that Oregon needs a new state bird. Surely the state has more original avian wildlife than that.

Best Candidate: American Dipper

Why: It’s a mountain bird known to inhabit streams as well as the only aquatic songbird of North America. Its presence indicates good water quality as well as possesses a sweet song. Not to mention, their nests are some of the most extraordinary pieces of bird architecture ever. And like Oregon, it may not look very noteworthy but there are some things about it that make it quite interesting.

Other Options: Red-Breasted Nuthatch, Spotted Owl, Trumpeter Swan, Tufted Duck, Greater Sage Grouse, Columbian Sharp-Tailed Grouse, Mountain Quail, Western Grebe, Western Scrub-Jay, Dark-Eyed Junco, Northern Fulmar, Green Heron, Green-Tailed Towhee, Spotted Towhee, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Black-Headed Grosbeak, Lazuli Bunting, White-Tailed Kite, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Gray-Crowned Rosy Finch, Swainson’s Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, Prairie Falcon, Heerman’s Gull, Mew Gull, Ring-Billed Gull, Western Gull, Thayer’s Gull, Sabine’s Gull, Tufted Puffin, Flammulated Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Great Horned Owl, Anna’s Hummingbird, Calliope Hummingbird, Rufous Hummingbird, Red-Breasted Sapsucker, Pacific-Slope Flycatcher, Black Phoebe, Allen’s Hummingbird, Western Kingbird, Steller’s Jay, Pinyon Jay, Black-Billed Magpie, Violet-Green Swallow

  1. Pennsylvania

The Indigo Bunting is said to migrate at night, using the stars for guidance. It's also said to possess an internal clock, enabling it to adjust their angle orientation to a star, even as that star moves through the night sky.

The Indigo Bunting is said to migrate at night, using the stars for guidance. It’s also said to possess an internal clock, enabling it to adjust their angle orientation to a star, even as that star moves through the night sky.

Official State Bird: Ruffed Grouse

Why It Sucks: As a native and lifelong resident of Pennsylvania, I have never seen this bird in my life. And I’m a rural resident as well as lived in this state for 25 years. Nor do I know anyone who has seen them in this state. Besides, it’s said that only 86% of these birds live in Canada. Guess they were all killed by hunters.

Best Candidate: Indigo Bunting

Why: For one, it’s one of the more common nester in Pennsylvania and has been seen in recent years almost everywhere in the state. Second, it has a distinctive sound as well as a bright blue feather display for the males (well, their feathers reflect as blue like the sky in good lighting. In poor lighting, they look black). Third, it’s a bird that’s more or less confined to the Eastern United States during its breeding season. Besides, it’s a more beautiful bird than the Ruffed Grouse.

Other Options: Scarlet Tanager, Black-Throated Blue Warbler, Downy Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Common Grackle, Blue Jay, Red Wing Blackbird, Yellow Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Northern Harrier, Great Blue Heron, Osprey, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Gray Catbird, Red-Headed Woodpecker, American Kestrel, Red-Tailed Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, Peregrine Falcon, Killdeer, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Eastern Screech-Owl, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Pileated Woodpecker, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Eastern Kingbird, Bobolink, Great Crested Flycatcher, Philadelphia Vireo, Blue-Headed Vireo, Barred Owl, Eastern Towhee, Purple Martin, Snow Bunting, Blue Grosbeak, Dickcissel, Cerulean Warbler, Hooded Warbler

  1. Rhode Island

Rhode Island may be a small state, but it's part of the summer breeding range of the Great Black-Backed Gull, which is the largest gull in the world. As one earl observer noted, “It surely seemed to be a king among the gulls, a merciless tyrant over its fellows, the largest and strongest of its tribe. No weaker gull dared to intrude upon its feudal domain.”

Rhode Island may be a small state, but it’s part of the summer breeding range of the Great Black-Backed Gull, which is the largest gull in the world. As one earl observer noted, “It surely seemed to be a king among the gulls, a merciless tyrant over its fellows, the largest and strongest of its tribe. No weaker gull dared to intrude upon its feudal domain.”

Official State Bird: Rhode Island Red

Why It Sucks: To put a short story short, it’s a freaking breed of chicken for God’s sake. Seriously, it’s unconscionable like Delaware’s.

Best Candidate: Great Black-Backed Gull

Why: It’s the largest gull in Rhode Island as well as a year-long resident in the state. And since Rhode Island is known for its beaches, it should only be fitting it be represented by a sea gull. Besides, it’s better than having a chicken as state bird.

Other Options: Herring Gull, Snow Bunting, Cedar Waxwing, Red-Bellied Woodpecker, Common Redpoll, White-Throated Sparrow, Northern Harrier, Purple Sandpiper, Ivory Gull, Common Grackle, Blue Jay, Laughing Gull, Gull-Billed Tern, Brown Noddy, Band-Rumped Storm Petrel, Killdeer, American Oystercatcher, American Black Duck

  1. South Carolina

A rare bird, the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker lives in the mature pine forests of the American South. While it pecks on wood like most woodpeckers, it specifically seeks living pines with red heart fungal disease. Such specificity of its habitat makes it extremely vulnerable to habitat loss.

A rare bird, the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker lives in the mature pine forests of the American South. While it pecks on wood like most woodpeckers, it specifically seeks living pines with red heart fungal disease. Such specificity of its habitat makes it extremely vulnerable to habitat loss.

Official State Bird: Carolina Wren

Why It Sucks: Well, it’s better than having a Northern Mockingbird which they used to have. Besides, it has “Carolina” in it. However, it’s kind of drab and found almost everywhere in the east.

Best Candidate: Red-Cockaded Woodpecker

Why: South Carolina is the best place to look for this rare species since it lives in cavities in mature pine forests. It’s listed as vulnerable. Besides, it’s prettier than the Carolina Wren.

Other Options: Audubon’s Shearwater, Brown Pelican, Wood Stork, American Black Vulture, Swallow-Tailed Kite, Mississippi Kite, Purple Gallinule, Killdeer, American Oystercatcher, Black-Necked Stilt, Carolina Chickadee, Brown Noddy, Royal Tern, Eastern Kingbird, Loggerhead Shrike, Great Crested Flycatcher, Pine Warbler, Summer Tanager, Indigo Bunting, Painted Bunting, Boat-Tailed Grackle

  1. South Dakota

The Upland Sandpiper is a shorebird of grasslands, preferring the open grassy areas of the Great Plains. Hunting and loss of habitat have caused its population to decline since the 19th century.

The Upland Sandpiper is a shorebird of grasslands, preferring the open grassy areas of the Great Plains. Hunting and loss of habitat have caused its population to decline since the 19th century.

Official State Bird: Ring-Necked Pheasant

Why It Sucks: In short, it’s an introduced Eurasian Plains bird. It was brought over to the US by English settlers who wanted to bring some old country bird to shoot at.

Best Candidate: Upland Sandpiper

Why: While most sandpipers usually favor the coast and mudflats, this bird prefers open country with tall grasses. South Dakota is in the Great Plains which is known for its grassland and prairies. Clearly these two are meant for each other. May not be as flashy as the Ring-Necked Pheasant but at least it’s a native.

Other Options: Sharp-Tailed Grouse, Blue-Winged Teal, Common Loon, Red-Tailed Hawk, Pied-Bill Grebe, Eared Grebe, Western Grebe, Lazuli Bunting, Greater Prairie Chicken, Ferruginous Hawk, Swainson’s Hawk, Downy Woodpecker

  1. Tennessee

The Wood Duck is one of the most colorful and stunningly beautiful waterfowl of North America. It is a perching duck that nests in trees or nesting boxes if available. And these nesting boxes have helped increased its breeding population, especially in Tennessee.

The Wood Duck is one of the most colorful and stunningly beautiful waterfowl of North America. It is a perching duck that nests in trees or nesting boxes if available. And these nesting boxes have helped increased its breeding population, especially in Tennessee.

Official State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 5 states including Florida and Texas. Seriously, Tennessee needs a new state bird.

Best Candidate: Wood Duck

Why: Well, I think it provides a perfect combination for what Tennessee represents. It’s rustic enough for the Appalachian and down home country music. But the male is rather strikingly flashy enough for the music culture of Nashville and Memphis. Besides, Tennessee has a conservation program for these with people building boxes for them.

Other Options: Yellow-Throated Warbler, Louisiana Waterthrush, Double-Crested Cormorant, Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Red-Tailed Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Tennessee Warbler, Killdeer, Great Horned Owl, Pileated Woodpecker, Barred Owl, Great Crested Flycatcher, American Kestrel, American Crow, Blue Jay, Cedar Waxwing, Scarlet Tanager, Indigo Bunting, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Bufflehead, Common Loon, Purple Martin, Nashville Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, Bobolink, Red Wing Blackbird, Common Grackle, Bobwhite Quail

  1. Texas

Now the Aplomado Falcon might have a small sustaining population in Southern Texas. But this is the predator most small birds fear which says a lot. Besides, this is the kind of raptor that would make a state bird Texans would be proud of.

Now the Aplomado Falcon might have a small sustaining population in Southern Texas. But this is the predator most small birds fear which says a lot. Besides, this is the kind of raptor that would make a state bird Texans would be proud of.

Official State Bird: Northern Mockingbird

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 5 states which includes Florida. Seriously, Texas, you’re the state with an obnoxious ego bigger than your love for oil, firearms, and capital punishment. Your people take special pride in their cowboy culture, state flag, and history that kids all over the country have to learn it in their history class (which is important for the US to be fair but still). Not to mention, you have plenty of species of birds from which to choose from. Own it.

Best Candidate: Aplomado Falcon

Why: Let’s face it, I can go with a lot unique birds here. But I know that Northern Crested Caracara is too much identified with Mexico while the Roseate Spoonbill is a bird the people of Texas would never really be comfortable with. Now I know that this bird doesn’t have much of a range in Texas. But it’s a bird with a Spanish name and it’s said that small birds fear it more than most predators. So I think this is a bird Texans can really take pride in.

Other Options: Black-Crested Titmouse, Olive Sparrow, Cave Swallow, Roseate Spoonbill, Golden-Cheeked Warbler, Swainson’s Hawk, Aplomado Falcon, Plain Chachalaca, Lesser Goldfinch, Audubon’s Shearwater, Painted Bunting, Neotropic Cormorant, Anhinga, Magnificent Frigatebird, Reddish Egret, Tricolored Heron, White-Tailed Hawk, Zone-Tailed Hawk, Gray Hawk, Northern Crested Caracara, Purple Gallinule, Inca Dove, Grooved-Billed Ani, Elf Owl, Ringed Kingfisher, Green Kingfisher, Ladder-Backed Woodpecker, Acorn Woodpecker, Green Jay, Mexican Jay, Juniper Titmouse, Black-Crested Titmouse, Golden-Cheeked Warbler, Black-Chinned Sparrow, Varied Bunting

  1. Utah

The Snowy Plover raises 2 broods a year, sometimes 3 in places where the breeding season is long. When the chicks hatch, the female deserts her mate and her brood as well as initiates a new breeding attempt with a different mate. Yeah, I know it's kind of neglectful, but it's sometimes how nature works, man.

The Snowy Plover raises 2 broods a year, sometimes 3 in places where the breeding season is long. When the chicks hatch, the female deserts her mate and her brood as well as initiates a new breeding attempt with a different mate. Yeah, I know it’s kind of neglectful, but it’s sometimes how nature works, man.

Official State Bird: California Gull

Why It Sucks: Yes, I get it helped save Mormons from a locust swarm or so I’m told. Utahns even have a gold statue of it commemorating the occasion. But it’s a bird with “California” in its name for God’s sake. The state is not near a coastline. Besides, the bird only uses Utah as a migration stop anyway. Not to mention, I’m sure there were plenty of other birds that helped save Mormons from a locust swarm as well.

Best Candidate: Snowy Plover

Why: Well, unlike the California Gull, it actually lives in Utah to breed even if it’s just the Great Salt Lake area.  Still, this is seen as a threatened bird but the state does have a substantial population of them. Besides, it’s quite adorable as well as eats insects.

Other Options: Greater Sage-Grouse, Gambel’s Quail, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Grebe, Clark’s Grebe, Swainson’s Hawk, Wilson’s Phalarope, Red-Necked Phalarope, American Avocet, Black-Necked Stilt, Marbled Godwit, Western Sandpiper, Long-Billed Dowitcher, American White Pelican, White-Faced Ibis, Eared Grebe, Northern Goshawk, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, Prairie Falcon, Broad-Tailed Hummingbird, Calliope Hummingbird, Western Kingbird, Loggerhead Shrike, Steller’s Jay, Western Scrub-Jay, Pinyon Jay, Clark’s Nutcracker, Violet-Green Swallow, Juniper Titmouse, American Dipper, Lazuli Bunting

  1. Vermont

The Black-Throated Blue Warbler is a deep forest bird of the American northeast. Of course, it's said the sexes of this bird look so different that they were originally described as 2 different species.

The Black-Throated Blue Warbler is a deep forest bird of the American northeast. Of course, it’s said the sexes of this bird look so different that they were originally described as 2 different species.

Official State Bird: Hermit Thrush

Why It Sucks: It’s nice but it doesn’t incite the kind of enthusiasm I’d have for Ben & Jerry, cheese, or Bernie Sanders.

Best Candidate: Black-Throated Blue Warbler

Why: Well, it’s adorable and colorful like some people from Vermont. Besides, it prefers upland forests with tons of old growth. And I’m sure the Green Mountain State has plenty of them. Not to mention, it’s bird that only breeds in the US northeast.

Other Options: Chestnut-Sided Warbler, Least Flycatcher, Black-Capped Chickadee, Snow Bunting, Dunlin, Purple Sandpiper, Red-Tailed Hawk, Barred Owl, Eastern Screech-Owl, Northern Saw-Whet Owl, Horned Lark, Common Redpoll, Eastern Kingbird, Black-Billed Cuckoo, American Woodcock, Veery, Blue-Headed Vireo, Scarlet Tanager, White-Throated Sparrow, Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker, Osprey, Killdeer

  1. Virginia

The Belted Kingfisher always seems to have an air of self-importance while patrolling up and down rivers and shorelines. It's also one of the few species where the female is more colorful than the male. As you've seen in most bird species, this isn't the case.

The Belted Kingfisher always seems to have an air of self-importance while patrolling up and down rivers and shorelines. It’s also one of the few species where the female is more colorful than the male. As you’ve seen in most bird species, this isn’t the case.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 7 states in the country. Surely a state like Virginia should have a more original state bird than that.

Best Candidate: Belted Kingfisher

Why: Since Virginia is a state with a lot of wetlands and waterways, then this would be a perfect state to be represented by a fishing bird. Not to mention, it’s a permanent resident in Virginia as well as a much better bird for the state than the Cardinal. And unlike the Cardinal, it has no red coat.

Other Options: Saltmarsh Sparrow, Barred Owl, Virginia Rail, Double-Crested Cormorant, Green Heron, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, Great Blue Heron, Black Vulture, Wood Duck, Osprey, Red-Shouldered Hawk, American Kestrel, Killdeer, American Woodcock, Laughing Gull, Great Horned Owl, Whippoorwill, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Pileated Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Fish Crow, Eastern Kingbird, Red-Eyed Vireo, Purple Martin, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Gray Thrasher, Cedar Waxwing, Yellow Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, Indigo Bunting, Blue Grosbeak, Red Wing Blackbird, Common Grackle, Green Heron, Tree Swallow, Northern Parula, Black-and-White Warbler, Cooper’s Hawk

  1. Washington

The Spotted Owl's status as the indicator species of old-growth forests, it's one of the most studied species in the world. Unfortunately, preservation efforts for this bird have been controversial in the Pacific Northwest, for obvious reasons. This is especially the case since those most vocal against its conservation are from the logging industry.

The Spotted Owl’s status as the indicator species of old-growth forests, it’s one of the most studied species in the world. Unfortunately, preservation efforts for this bird have been controversial in the Pacific Northwest, for obvious reasons. This is especially the case since those most vocal against its conservation are from the logging industry.

Official State Bird: Eastern Goldfinch

Why It Sucks: Though known as the “Willow” Goldfinch, it’s basically the same state bird as Iowa and New Jersey but by a different name. Nice try, Washington.

Best Candidate: Spotted Owl

Why: Let’s just say since it’s experienced a significant decline in Washington that it’s near threatened. However, conserving this bird has brought a lot of contention between conservationists, loggers, cattle grazers, and developers. A decision to reinforce a critical habitat for the owl was challenged by The Arizona Cattle Growers’ Association. Thus, because of the controversy the term, Spotted Owl has come to mean, “trivial environmental issues that do nothing but waste land for economic development as well as taxpayer money.” Still, I think saving the Spotted Owl’s habitat is worth it since “old growth” forests are almost impossible to replace. Besides, preserving these “old growth” forests doesn’t just save the owls either.

Other Options: Glaucous-Winged Gull, Evening Grosbeak, Western Tanager, Lazuli Bunting, Northern Harrier, Northern Goshawk, Western Screech-Owl, Great Horned Owl, Common Loon, Violet-Green Swallow, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Black-Billed Magpie, Rufous Hummingbird, Anna’s Hummingbird, Steller’s Jay, Dark-Eyed Junco, Ferruginous Hawk, Black Oystercatcher, American Avocet, Black-Necked Stilt, Great Gray Owl, Boreal Owl

  1. West Virginia

The Cerulean Warbler is the fastest declining neotropical migrant songbird. Yet, despite its problems, there seems to be declining in West Virginia a lot slower than other places. No one knows why.

The Cerulean Warbler is the fastest declining neotropical migrant songbird. Yet, despite its problems, there seems to be declining in West Virginia a lot slower than other places. No one knows why.

Official State Bird: Northern Cardinal

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 7 states. Now I’m sure West Virginia might have some good excuse on this since the state is an environmental disaster area. But still, I don’t imagine a Northern Cardinal when I think about West Virginia. Besides, it’s the state bird of Virginia as well which West Virginia split from during the American Civil War because it wanted nothing to do with the Confederacy.

Best Candidate: Cerulean Warbler

Why: It’s a common breeding bird in West Virginia despite the fact it’s the fastest declining songbird in North America as well as prefers mature forests with closed canopies as its habitat. But despite West Virginia’s environmental problems, these birds seem to love it there that they return there to breed every year.

Other Options: Swainson’s Warbler, Rusty Blackbird, Northern Bobwhite, Black Scoter, Semipalmated Sandpiper, Buff-Breasted Sandpiper, Chimney Swift, Olive-Sided Flycatcher, Golden-Winged Warbler, Bachman’s Sparrow, Henslow’s Sparrow, Long-Tailed Duck, Bicknell’s Thrush

  1. Wisconsin

The Trumpeter Swan is the largest North American waterfowl. However, while the commercial trade in swan skins and excessive hunting have led to significant decline, populations have been increasing where they've been introduced. Wisconsin being one of those states that has.

The Trumpeter Swan is the largest North American waterfowl. However, while the commercial trade in swan skins and excessive hunting have led to significant decline, populations have been increasing where they’ve been introduced. Wisconsin being one of those states that has.

Official State Bird: American Robin

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 3 states. This means that Wisconsin needs a new state bird.

Best Candidate: Trumpeter Swan

Why: Well, it’s one of the most notable native birds of North America. Besides, Wisconsin had a successful recovery for them since the 1980s which has been quite successful. Besides, it doesn’t look half bad on postcards.

Other Options: Golden-Winged Warbler, Sandhill Crane, Cooper’s Hawk, Downy Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Red-Headed Woodpecker, Killdeer, Purple Martin, Common Loon, Common Merganser, Bobolink, Greater Prairie Chicken, Cerulean Warbler, Henslow’s Sparrow, Osprey, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Indigo Bunting, Whippoorwill, Dickcissel, Blue-Winged Teal, Eastern Kingbird, Tree Swallow, Blue Jay, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Whooping Crane

  1. Wyoming

The Ferruginous Hawk is the raptor of the open country and the largest hawk in North America. It is often mistaken for an eagle due to its size, proportions, and behavior. It's also the most adaptable nester of the raptors as well.

The Ferruginous Hawk is the raptor of the open country and the largest hawk in North America. It is often mistaken for an eagle due to its size, proportions, and behavior. It’s also the most adaptable nester of the raptors as well.

Official State Bird: Western Meadowlark

Why It Sucks: It’s the state bird of 6 states. Obviously, Wyoming probably has a bird diversity that gives it no excuse.

Best Candidate: Ferruginous Hawk

Why: Well, Wyoming is home to all kinds of cool wildlife that I can’t think of a better bird to represent it than the largest hawk in North America. Besides, hawks are cool.

Other Options: Greater Sage-Grouse, Barrow’s Goldeneye, Common Loon, Swainson’s Hawk, Pinyon Jay, Western Scrub-Jay, Steller’s Jay, Great Horned Owl, Boreal Owl, Spotted Owl, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Loggerhead Shrike, Violet-Green Swallow, Snow Bunting, Lazuli Bunting, Prairie Falcon, Great Gray Owl, Black-Billed Magpie, Western Tanager

Rules for Dealing with Wild Animals

1. Wild animals are not your friends. Do not treat them like pets or your buddies. The guy from Grizzly Man learned that lesson the hard way.

I'm sure any other situation involving a grizzly at the dinner table is bound to end horribly. Yes, old Bearikins may soon have the best Thanksgiving of his life. Everyone else will probably have their last.

I’m sure any other situation involving a grizzly at the dinner table is bound to end horribly. Yes, old Bearikins may soon have the best Thanksgiving of his life. Everyone else will probably have their last.

2. Unless handling wild animals is part of your job, keep a reasonable distance from them and interfere with their lives as little as possible. If you don’t bother them, they won’t bother you.

3. Avoid close contact with wild animals whenever possible. Never approach them under any circumstances. Do not touch or try to hold them. But if you must and it’s safe enough, always wear gloves, particularly a pair you’d find at the hardware store (garden gloves come to mind). Get too close to a wild animal and it will attack you.

4. Do not make a wild animal feel threatened or stressed. A threatened or stressed animal is a dangerous animal and will attack you.

5. Do not disturb, chase, startle, anger, tease, or harass a wild animal. All you’ll do is provoke the wild animal into feeling threatened and it will attack you. If you do this, you are a moron and deserve no sympathy for what happened to you. Such actions are especially stupid if the wild animal isn’t alone, particularly if accompanied by offspring. Whatever you do, do not be a dick to wild animals under any circumstances. Unlike humans in society where assholes are tolerated, wild animal will absolutely not tolerate your dickishness toward them and won’t give a shit about sending you to the emergency room.

6. Though baby wild animals may be cute and cuddly, do not go anywhere near them, touch them, or try to hold them. Trying to pick up a baby wild animal is an easy way to get its parents to attack you and they’re usually not far behind. If you do this, you are an idiot. If there’s a chance that a baby wild animal is an orphan, observe it for 24 hours to make sure the animal is truly alone. If their parents don’t show up within that time period, call animal control. Don’t ever try to raise it yourself unless you really know what you’re doing (by that I mean if dealing with animals is part of your job). For particular animals follow these steps:

Awww, look at the cute cougar babies. Don't their faces just make you want to take one of them home with you? But remember that trying to pet or hold one of these adorable cubs is a quick way for its mother to send you to the ER and/or ICU. Yeah, you'd be an idiot to try to get one of these adorable kitties.

Awww, look at the cute cougar babies. Don’t their faces just make you want to take one of them home with you? But remember that trying to pet or hold one of these adorable cubs is a quick way for its mother to send you to the ER and/or ICU. Yeah, you’d be an idiot to try to get one of these adorable kitties.

a. Birds: Pick up the bird with gloved hands and try to return it back in its nest. If you can’t, make one by putting leaves, grass, or soft cloth into a small box and place it where you found the bird. Observed for 24 hours to see if it’s cared for. If not, then call animal control. However, if a baby bird has all its feathers and resembles a miniature adult, leave it alone. It’s a fledgling who has permanently left the nest. The parents are watching them from trees and bringing it food.

b. Ducklings/Goslings: With gloved hands, place the bird as close to the flock as you can. If the flock accepts the duckling/gosling, everything should be fine. If not, call animal control.

c. Deer Fawns: Fawns are often left alone while their parents forage. But if the fawn looks cold, hungry, diseased, confused, or threatened, call animal control.

d. Rabbits: If the baby rabbit is at least 4-5 inches long, has fur, open eyes, and hopping around, leave it alone. It’s old enough to be out of the nest. If not, then take it to the nest but hold it with gloved hands. If the nest has been dug up and there are surviving rabbits, place it back into the hole with gloved hands, cover them with the nesting materials (which should consist of grass and fur). Observe for 24-48 hours. If a parent doesn’t return and you’re sure it’s abandoned, call animal control.

7. Do not feed wild animals or leave any food out for them (except bird feeders). All this does is encourage close contact that gets them too used to people as well as increases the potential for predators, accidents, and attacks. A wild animal that’s lost its natural fear for humans is more aggressive and dangerous, especially when hungry. Also makes them fat and sometimes dependent on such food that some may never learn to find native food on their own. Use proper garbage disposal and food storage as well as treat garbage as you’d treat food. Keep a clean camp and wash all cooking and eating equipment after use (as well as change clothes after dinner if you’re the one cooking it). Nevertheless, despite what pop culture tells you, it’s generally seen a bad idea to feed bread crumbs to birds, especially geese and ducks.

There's a reason why feeding wild animals is illegal. Essentially it gets them too used to people which can lead to attracting other animals as well as attacks. A wild animal that's lost its fear of humans is dangerous and more aggressive, especially when hungry. While camping, always use proper food storage and garbage disposal as well as keep a clean camp.

There’s a reason why feeding wild animals is illegal. Essentially it gets them too used to people which can lead to attracting other animals as well as attacks. A wild animal that’s lost its fear of humans is dangerous and more aggressive, especially when hungry. While camping, always use proper food storage and garbage disposal as well as keep a clean camp.

8. Be familiar with wild animals and how they normally act. This table gives you plenty of the reliable information you need on normal wild animal behavior.

Wild-Animals-Table

9. If you see an injured animal, call animal control and observe it until help arrives. Do not try to help it unless it’s safe to do so. Potential dangers include being scratched, bitten, and/or exposed to disease. But be warned that injured wild animals are often scared and may be aggressive when approached. You may also lead the wounded animal to injure itself.

a. If the wild animal is ensnared, trapped, tangled, do not try to fee the animal yourself. It is probably stressed and could be aggressive. Just call animal control to report its location and take pictures of the scene if possible.

b. If it’s safe to touch it, pick up the wild animal to contain it using gloved hands under these steps, if it needs transported to a wildlife rehab center:

i. Line a box with holes or a pet carrier with clean, soft cloth, grasses, and other suitable bedding materials (like shredded newspaper).

ii. With gloved hands, place the animal in the container.

iii. Place the container on a heating pad set to its lowest setting, or wrap a bottle of hot water in a towel and place it in a container for warmth.

iv. Secure the container so the animal can’t jump out, which might cause further injury.

v. Keep the container in a quiet, dark place. Do not feed or water the animal.

10. If you run into close contact with a wild animal, please accord to the following:

Yes, I'm sure Smokey the Bear is more intense in person. Nevertheless, when you encounter a bear, remain calm, give it a way to escape, and slowly and quietly back away. Don't make eye contact, don't run, and try to look intimidating. If all else fails, use bear pepper spray.

Yes, I’m sure Smokey the Bear is more intense in person. Nevertheless, when you encounter a bear, remain calm, give it a way to escape, and slowly and quietly back away. Don’t make eye contact, don’t run, and try to look intimidating. If all else fails, use bear pepper spray.

a. Don’t Panic: Panicking can often lead a wild animal to misinterpret your conduct as an offensive action and take a defensive stance in self-defense (like attack you). Most wild animals won’t attack you unless they feel threatened, have young, or injured/sick. Remain calm, even if you have to take a deep breath.

b. Give the Animal a Way to Escape: If a wild animal has a way to leave or escape the area, it will do so. This is one of the sanest and safest actions you can do, especially if the animal is a large mother with babies. Cornering the animal and having to fight it is not just dangerous, but also highly stupid. This is especially the case if the animal is bear, mountain lion, or an adult moose in which a fight could mean a very long trip to the ER or the ICU, if you’re lucky. If not, then death and a very stupid one at that. These animals are bigger, stronger, as well as have claws, strong teeth, hooves or horns to defend themselves. So avoiding a fight with a wild animal is just common sense.

c. Slowly and Quietly Back Away: Do this while keeping an eye on the wild animal until you are safely away. The more distance between you and the animal, the better. Try to avoid eye contact if possible. Any sudden moves might startle the animal into defensive action. Running may provoke some animals to chase you and you can never outrun them. Also, only climb a tree only if you’re sure the animal can’t and only when it’s far away. Only use active defense as a last resort like mace or bear spray.

d. For specific wild animals, please follow these guidelines:

i. Coyote/Wolf: Use a loud and authoritative voice to frighten the animal. Throw rocks near the animal (but not at them) and become as threatening as possible. This will show dominance and intimidate them. As for wolves, you might want to keep your eyes cast downward and your mouth closed. If it bites, don’t yank it away but try to make it gag or do something to break its clamped jaw. However, a healthy wolf won’t usually attack people. And most usually attack either due to extreme hunger or disease.

ii. Snake: Remain calm and still until it’s gone. Keep any pets and children close to your side. Step backwards slowly, and only turn your back when you are more than 6 feet away from the snake. Fortunately, they’d rather avoid lashing out and will let you know when they feel threatened. However, whatever you do, do not throw anything in an attempt to kill it or else it will move quickly and strike fiercely.

iii. Bear: Control your pets/kids. Quiet any noise making or aggressive movements. Do not run. Avoid looking like prey. Make yourself look intimidating by waving arms and making noises. The bear should quickly leave the area. If it’s a Grizzly, try to cover your head and the back of your neck with your hands either in a fetal position or lying flat and don’t make eye contact. If that doesn’t work, you might want to climb a tree, make noise, and grab the bear spray. If it’s a Black Bear, don’t climb a tree.

iv. Opossum: An opossum is usually docile and won’t attack unless provoked or cornered. Keep pets on short leashes and get out of the area as quickly as possible.

v. Deer: Deer don’t generally pose a threat unless they feel threatened themselves. Keep pets close to you as you walk past them. They should move along. If they make any aggressive movements or sounds, turn away and leave the area.

vi. Mountain Lion: Don’t run, turn your back, and crouch down. Stand tall and authoritatively, make eye contact, use a calm and firm voice, and slowly back away to make sure you aren’t a threat to their safety. If that doesn’t convince the animal to leave, try to scare it off. If it attacks, fight it with everything you got.

vii. Moose: If it looks upset, try to hide behind something big and not too bushy. But leave room to run if the moose continues the chase. Fortunately, most moose attacks are “bluff attacks” that tend to be over before they begin.

viii. Crocodile/Alligator: Avoid croc/gator infested waters as much as possible. If one approaches you, run away as much as possible. If it attacks you, fight back but be sure to hit the eyes, nostrils, or ears. If it bites and you have escaped, seek medical help immediately.

11. If you see a wild animal acting outside its normal behavior stay the hell away from them and find shelter as quickly as possible before calling animal control (especially if the animal is acting disoriented, confused, or shows unprovoked aggressiveness). Make sure your kids and pets are inside as well. Don’t try to help it in any way because a sick animal may not be in its right mind and can be very dangerous. This might be especially obvious if its frothing at the mouth, but sometimes even just bizarre or unprovoked aggressive behavior can be enough. If you, your kids, or your pets aren’t so lucky, follow these steps:

Of course, I'm sure this raccoon doesn't since it looks relatively normal. However, yeah, raccoons do tend to be carriers of all kinds of diseases. If you see one showing unprovoked aggression, call animal control and seek shelter immediately.

Of course, I’m sure this raccoon doesn’t since it looks relatively normal. However, yeah, raccoons do tend to be carriers of all kinds of diseases. If you see one showing unprovoked aggression, call animal control and seek shelter immediately.

a. You, Children, and Other Humans: Either get to a hospital or call 9/11 for an ambulance if the wound is bleeding seriously or if you suspect that the animal might have rabies. If you aren’t sure it’s serious, call your doctor or animal control. Call animal control to remove the animal if it’s still at the premises and have it tested for rabies and other diseases. Wash minor wounds (like scratches) under running water and apply antibiotic ointment and dressing. Also, you might want to be up to date on vaccinations, just to be safe. If it’s a snakebite, call 9/11 for an ambulance, gently wash the injury, splint bitten extremities, and keep the area at approximately the level of the heart. Keep the person calm (if it’s not you). Don’t cut, suck, apply a constricting band, or apply cold to a bit from a pit viper (like a rattlesnake, copperhead, or cottonmouth). For a bite from an elapid snake (like a coral snake), apply an elastic roller bandage after washing the wound.

b. Pets: Using gloved hands, wash the wounds with a hose. Don’t touch the wounds with your bare hands. Immediately call the vet, even if the wound doesn’t seem serious. If the wild animal is still present, call animal control to remove it. Have your pet re-vaccinated immediately, even if its vaccinations are up to date. If expired, your pet may be held for observation. Also, remember that your pets can’t be treated after they’ve been infected with rabies so its important to keep their vaccinations up to date.

12.Try to keep pets from chasing or harassing wild animals as much as possible. Also, keep children close and within your immediate sight at all times outdoors (especially when the nearest shelter is a long distance away. If you’re at home, just keep the small children accompanied. But keep at least one door unlocked in the house {particularly the backdoor} and teach your school age children about common sense). Never leave small children alone with a wild animal regardless of its demeanor.

13. Avoid carcasses in wilderness areas as much as possible (and by that I mean hiking trails, forests, parks, campgrounds, and nature reserves). Report dead animals to the nearest ranger station or animal control. After all, any animal carcass you find in the wilderness could easily be a carnivore’s leftover lunch. Some animals are known to defend their food sources violently and won’t be happy to see you disturb them.

14. Don’t hike alone or at night. Wild animals are less likely to attack groups than solo hikers, since groups are less noisy. Also, while many animals can be active at any time a lot of them are active at dawn, dusk, or night.

Many wild animals tend to be active at night like this opossum. Of course, this might explain why I have often found so many of their carcasses on roadsides. Also explains why I find deer tracks on the roads during some of my morning walks.

Many wild animals tend to be active at night like this opossum. Of course, this might explain why I have often found so many of their carcasses on roadsides. Also explains why I find deer tracks on the roads during some of my morning walks.

15. While hiking, stay on the trails at all times and travel quietly if need be. As long as you stay away from a wild animal’s habitat, it will not bother you. However, make noise if it’s in bear country, especially when traveling upwind, near streams and waterfalls, or when you can’t see the path ahead. Remember that you are on their turf and you need to respect that, especially since there are a lot animals that can be rather territorial. Yeah, you’d want to keep off their lawn, indeed.

16. Be alert for any possible sign of wild animals nearby such as droppings, diggings, footprints, scratch marks, rocks rolled over, or tree logs torn apart. Also be careful not to step directly on rocks or logs for you don’t want to anger a poisonous snake.

17. When traveling by foot, let someone know where you’re going and when you plan to return. Also, travel with a cell phone and first aid kit at all times as well as keep your pet on a leash.

18. Whenever in a recreational area, always follow local regulations. Always listen to park rangers and game wardens as well as follow their advice.

19. Be familiar with the types of wild animals in your geographical location and know how to avoid getting attacked by them.

20. Be familiar with wild animals’ sex and reproduction cycles and behaviors, particularly mating and birthing seasons. Also pay attention on their familial patterns. Some species may be monogamous while others may not. But it’s not unusual for some animals to be more aggressive and less fearless during their mating seasons (often in the fall), particularly if they’re males trying to mate with as many females as possible (though females during this time aren’t exactly docile either). And it’s not uncommon for female animals to be quite aggressive while raising their young, especially if she’s rearing them alone. Let’s just say the rutting season is basically Pon Farr for deer, which makes them especially dangerous around this time, particularly antlered males.

During the mating seasons, wild animals can be more aggressive than usual, particularly if they're stag males or males trying to mate with as many females as possible. For some, to say that comparing their mating seasons to Pon Farr isn't much of a stretch. This is especially the case with the deer rut in which the male antlered deer compete with each other for mates through sparing.

During the mating seasons, wild animals can be more aggressive than usual, particularly if they’re stag males or males trying to mate with as many females as possible. For some, to say that comparing their mating seasons to Pon Farr isn’t much of a stretch. This is especially the case with the deer rut in which the male antlered deer compete with each other for mates through sparing. And yes, the fights can get particularly nasty.

21. Just because an animal won’t or can’t eat you, don’t assume it won’t hurt you. There’s a reason why predators tend to prey on the most vulnerable of any given herd. They know that trying to take down the strongest animals for meat is a quick way to get severely injured or killed. Not to mention, anyone who’s had regular contact with domesticated livestock will know of at least one incident of a temperamental cow or horse sending someone to the emergency room. So just because the wild animal in question is a vegetarian, don’t assume that it’s cute, cuddly, and friendly. Because there are plenty of large herbivores that are extremely territorial and will kill you deader than dead. Hippos are among the most dangerous animals in Africa along with elephants, cape buffalo, rhinos, and giraffes (which can kill lions with their kicks). In North America, moose and bison are said to attack and kill more people than bears and wolves. Also, take into account that the vast majority of unprovoked bird attacks on people are from herbivorous birds. Thus, remember that an animal doesn’t need to be hungry to want to kill you.

If you think that the most dangerous wild animals are predators, think again. Herbivores can be just as nasty. For instance, while deer are seen as the gentle giants of the forest, they're actually extremely dangerous, especially during rutting season. I call this picture Bambi's Revenge. Yes, he will pay dearly.

If you think that the most dangerous wild animals are predators, think again. Herbivores can be just as nasty. For instance, while deer are seen as the gentle giants of the forest, they’re actually extremely dangerous, especially during rutting season. I call this picture Bambi’s Revenge. Yes, he will pay dearly.

22. Just because an wild animal seems friendly as well as fluffy and adorable, don’t assume it won’t hurt you. It may not look dangerous, but even the friendliest wild animals can turn pretty unfriendly pretty damn fast. And many of the most adorable and harmless looking creatures can be anything but, especially if you do something to piss them off. You may laugh during the killer rabbit scene in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, but remember that real wild rabbits can be anything but sweet, innocent, and docile.

Real rabbits may not be as lethal as you might see in Monty Python and the Holy Grail. But they are hardly docile creatures and their teeth can inflict quite a bit of damage. It's said that male rabbits will rape and castrate rival males to secure breeding rights. They also headbutt and their kicks pack quite a bit of power for their size. Unfortunately, for this cat, I'm afraid the Holy Hand Grenade at Antioch wasn't at its disposal.

Real rabbits may not be as lethal as you might see in Monty Python and the Holy Grail. But they are hardly docile creatures and their teeth can inflict quite a bit of damage. It’s said that male rabbits will rape and castrate rival males to secure breeding rights. They also headbutt and their kicks pack quite a bit of power for their size. Unfortunately, for this cat, I’m afraid the Holy Hand Grenade at Antioch wasn’t at its disposal.

23. If you see a large wild animal on the road while driving, make sure you give them the right of way by slowing down and stopping at a reasonable distance. They’ll usually be quick about crossing the street. Nevertheless, please drive carefully and not hit something. Not only will you avoid a crash and save your life but you won’t risk the animal’s life either. And the bigger the animal, the worse the consequences will be if you hit it.

Large wild animals can pose serious traffic problems. Thus, if you see any large wild animal on the road, remember to slow down and give it the right of way. Let's just say it'll save your life. Here's some more tips about sharing the road with wild animals.

Large wild animals can pose serious traffic problems. Thus, if you see any large wild animal on the road, remember to slow down and give it the right of way. Let’s just say it’ll save your life. Here’s some more tips about sharing the road with wild animals.

24. Any wild animal with utterly zero fear of humans isn’t one you’d want to run into, especially if it has a really nasty temper. Wild animals that aren’t afraid of humans are less likely to run away at close range, which is very bad and most of the time aren’t friendly at all.

25. Don’t ever try to domesticate a wild animal no matter how cute or seemingly docile it may be. Yes, you might hear all the stories about how people raised wild animals in their homes. But there’s a reason why wild animals don’t make great pets despite how and cuddly some of them may be. Think about it.

Yes, raccoons are adorable, I get it. But if we could successfully domesticate, we certainly would keep them as pets. Unfortunately, while raccoons have no fear of humans, they have very nasty tempers and their teeth and claws can kill pets as well as send people to the emergency room. They're also the biggest carrier of rabies in North America. So no, they don't make very good pets whatsoever. Too bad the Japanese didn't learn from the Americans on this which gave rise to raccoon infestation in their country.

Yes, raccoons are adorable, I get it. But if we could successfully domesticate, we certainly would keep them as pets. Unfortunately, while raccoons have no fear of humans, they have really, really nasty tempers and their teeth and claws can kill pets as well as send people to the emergency room. They’re also the biggest carrier of rabies in North America. So no, they don’t make very good pets whatsoever. Too bad the Japanese didn’t learn from the Americans on this which gave rise to raccoon infestation in their country. This was because of an anime raccoon gave rise to a fad of keeping these animals as pets. Seriously, Japan, stop being suckers for cuteness!

26. Remember that animal control is your friend. If you see wild animal acting weird and aren’t sure what to do, call them. They will know what’s going on and will go in if there’s a nuisance.

27. Despite what you might see in popular media pertaining to wild animals, don’t assume that they behave that way in real life. This is especially the case with seemingly sweet and innocent animals presented as cute, fluffy, and adorable. Nor should you assume that all animals exist in harmony and wholesomeness (which for those who’ve seen the PBS show Nature, it’s certainly not the case since it’s guaranteed to feature animals mating and killing things in most episodes. This is especially the case when a predator is the featured animal on the episode).

28. If a small wild animal is found in your house, open your doors to let it out. The sooner you give it a way to escape the better. However, if it bites you, keep it inside and call animal control because it might need to be tested for disease.

29. If you want to take a picture of a wild animal at close range, remember that cameras are equipped with zoom lenses. So take advantage of that.

When you want to take pictures of animals, remember to keep a reasonable distance and use the zoom lens. Of course, I'm not sure about this guy's situation. I mean birds can fly pretty fast.

When you want to take pictures of animals, remember to keep a reasonable distance and use the zoom lens. Of course, I’m not sure about this guy’s situation. I mean birds can fly pretty fast.

30. Never take your pets camping or hiking with you, especially if it’s in an area with wolves or other predators. Thus, your pet might become a liability since they’re more vulnerable to animal attacks than humans. There’s a reason why pets aren’t allowed in National Parks and other recreation areas.

31. Remember that just because an animal looks like it’s suffering and needs to be rescued, doesn’t necessarily mean you should interfere. Sometimes it’s best to let nature do its thing and leave it alone, especially if it can be some predator’s tasty meal or your pet’s. So you might not want to bother with Fido killing that baby bunny.

32. Remember that even if you do everything right, this doesn’t guarantee that you won’t attract a wild animal’s attention. Any action you make can make an animal feel threatened or startled, even if you don’t intend to do so. Even wildlife experts have experienced this.

33. Be aware that just because a normally nocturnal animal is active during the day, doesn’t mean it’s “sick” especially if it’s just minding its own business. They may be out during the day for several reasons such as looking for food, during spring and early summer when they’re out looking for food for their young, being habituated in their environment and the people around them, or simply going from one place to another. So if you see a raccoon out during the day and acting like any typical raccoon would otherwise, then leave it alone. It probably doesn’t have rabies.

Though raccoons are better known for being active at night, it's not uncommon for some to be out in the daytime. So if a raccoon is out and about during the day and doesn't seem to show any other abnormal behavior, it's probably not rabies.

Though raccoons are better known for being active at night, it’s not uncommon for some to be out in the daytime. So if a raccoon is out and about during the day and doesn’t seem to show any other abnormal behavior, it’s probably not rabies.

34. If you see a wild animal with young, stay the hell away from them. Even the friendliest wild animals can be especially ferocious when it comes to protecting their kids. Mess with any wild animal parent and their kids and you’ll be in for a world of pain.

For the love of God, if you get between a mama bear and her cubs, you will be in for a world of pain. And no, I'm not exaggerating. Do not go anywhere near a bear and her cubs. Seriously, you will live to regret it in the emergency room, if you're lucky.

For the love of God, if you get between a mama bear and her cubs, you will be in for a world of pain. And no, I’m not exaggerating. Do not go anywhere near a bear and her cubs. Seriously, you will live to regret it in the emergency room, if you’re lucky.

35. Just because an wild animal is cute, doesn’t mean it’s nice and wants you to touch it, especially if it’s a baby or juvenile.

36. When hiking, walking, or traveling in a recreational area or anywhere else, stay out of wildlife areas you know are dangerous.

37. Just because you don’t see wild animals, don’t assume that they aren’t close by. Sometimes wild animals will pop up around times when you’re least likely to see them (like during the night).

38. Small wild animals may not be as dangerous as their larger counterparts, but don’t  assume that they won’t hurt you. Because even they can be quite vicious if they feel they need to. And there are plenty of animals willing to take on anybody several times their size like rabbits.

39. Unless you’re hunting, then avoid carrying a firearm outdoors, despite what your NRA gun nut neighbor may say. If firing a gun doesn’t instantly kill the wild animal, then it will get even more enraged and attack you. When in close contact with a wild animal, the last thing you want is to make it madder, especially if it’s a predator. For instance, 50 percent of those who use a firearm against a grizzly end up being severely mauled.” Use bear pepper spray instead, which will greatly inhibit its ability to fight.

Unless you intend to hunt at the wilderness recreation area, then leave your guns at home. Of course, you won't see a bear with a handgun. However, unless you kill it at the first shot, shooting at a wild animal will just make it madder and willing to attack. It's a reason why firearms are banned in many parks and for good reason. Use bear pepper spray or mace instead.

Unless you intend to hunt at the wilderness recreation area, then leave your guns at home. Of course, you won’t see a bear with a handgun. However, unless you kill it at the first shot, shooting at a wild animal will just make it madder and willing to attack. It’s a reason why firearms are banned in many parks and for good reason. Use bear pepper spray or mace instead.

40. If you’re in a wilderness in an outdoor recreation area you’re not familiar with, consider hiring a guide if you can afford it. At least a guide will know what to do. If you can’t, then consider getting a map and/or guidebook. Better yet, buy the map and guidebook first before hiring the guide.

Flowers You Wouldn’t Want in Your Garden (Other than Weeds)

flower-garden-birdhouse

Spring and summer are great times for flowers since they’re seen as pretty and sweet smelling so it’s no wonder we put them in vases, use them as decoration for special occasions, and bestow on people as gifts saying, “I love you,” “Congratulations,” or “Get well soon.” Flower gardens are at their ultimate splendor during this time of year. Of course, many people do have pollen allergies but we don’t talk about that except on commercials for allergy medicine. Then you have flowers like dandelions, clover, and other wildflowers that are pleasing out on the road but many would consider weeds in a conventional flower garden, especially an English flower garden to be exact. Still, we have to accept the fact that not all flowers are the beautiful sweet smellers we all know and love. Let’s say there are several varieties of flowers and while most are of the conventional variety, there are some that smell bad, are ugly and/or creepy, are poisonous to humans and animals,  cause a lot of ecological destruction as an invasive species, and just don’t make good additions to a beautiful flower garden for some reason. And it’s not because they’re weeds for despite their tendency to meet the Roundup Grim Reaper or the lawn mower, many of these wild flowers can still be seen as beautiful or allergenic. So without further ado, here are the flowers you don’t want in your garden and it’s not that they take other nutrients away from your perennials.

1. Titan Arum

titan_arum_sized

Scientific Name: Amorphophallus titanium.

Native to: The rainforests of Sumatra in Indonesia

Desirable Features: Well, it’s a big flower with a massive bloom sometimes purple in color (since my favorite color is purple, this is a great thing).

Why wouldn’t you want it: This is known as one of the worst smelling flowers in the world that it’s one of two species nicknamed “the corpse flower” because it smells like a rotting, stinking corpse. While such an aroma would be considered heavenly by its principal pollinators consisting of flies and beetles (which lay their eggs on dead things), a flower smelling of rotting meat isn’t going to allow a man get laid on Valentines Day unless his date’s a botanist. Thankfully it blooms once every 4 to 6 years on average and its bloom only lasts a day or two.

 

2. Eastern Skunk Cabbage

Symplocarpus_foetidus_in_Mount_Nōgōhaku_2

Scientific Name: Symplocarpus foetidus.

Native to: The wetlands of Eastern North America from as North of Nova Scotia, to as west as Minnesota and as south as North Carolina and Tennessee.

Desirable Features: It has desirable foliage, a purple bloom, as well as medicinal properties which have been used to treat asthma, epilepsy, coughs, and rheumatism. So if you’re stuck in the woods away from civilization in Eastern North America, this would be a great flower to have at your disposal.

Why you wouldn’t want it: What gives this flower’s designation as “Eastern Skunk Cabbage” is that it gives away a bloom akin to a roadkill skunk. Such odor is desirable for potential pollinating flies but not for anyone else. It also doesn’t help that this flower is capable of thermogenesis (keeping itself warm), which not only lets it to bloom when there’s snow on the ground but also attract its pollinators by mimicking the heat generated by a fresh corpse. So unless you’re an asthmatic stuck near a wetland away from civilization in Eastern North America (or a botanist, naturally), you don’t want this.

 

3.The Rafflesia

Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48

Scientific Name: Rafflesia arnoldii. Genus has 27 other species.

Native to: The rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia. It’s one of Indonesia’s natural flowers where it’s a protected species.

Desirable Features: Has an impressive and beautiful bloom and produces the largest individual flower on earth.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Like Titan Arum, it’s also nicknamed, “the corpse flower” because it smells like a rotting corpse designed to attract flies to pollinate it (its red color also helps attract fly pollinators as well, since no one likes the repulsive smell of decaying flesh like a fly). Also, it’s considered a parasitic plant that lacks roots, stems, and leaves as well as doesn’t produce chlorophyll or photosynthesize. Rather it receives nutrients from a host plant (something that gardeners don’t want). Fortunately this flower dies after flowering for 5 days yet it’s seen as a rare species since a successful pollination for these flowers is a rare event in itself.

 

4. Hydnora Africana

Scientific Name: Same as regular name.

hydnoraafricana_sized

Native to: Southern Africa particularly the semi-arid regions.

Desirable Features: Heard their seeds and fruit are delicious as well as used for tanning leather and preserving fishing nets. Also used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, kidney and bladder complaints, and acne.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Due to it being a parasitic plant that only grows underground until flower, it’s no wonder it resembles a creature you’d see from the movie Tremors (that or female genitalia). Also, since the dung beetle is its choice pollinator, it gives an odor that smells like shit.

 

5. Bulbophyllum Phalaenopsis

bulbophyllum_sized

Scientific Name: Same as regular name. Also part of a large genus of orchid.

Native to: New Guinea.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s an orchid and has a pretty color.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s a carrion flower known to smell like dead mice to attract flies. And there are many in its genus that smell like rotting flesh as well. So unless you’re an avid orchid collector or botanist, you probably wouldn’t want this in your flower garden.

 

6.Dead Horse Arum

Dracunculus_muscivorus

Scientific Name: Helicodiceros muscivorus.

Native to: Corsica, Sardinia, and the Baleric Islands.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s considered an ornamental plant and has a nice bloom.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Let’s just say it’s called a “Dead Horse Arum” because it’s said to smell like a dead horse to attract flies as pollinators. Doesn’t help that these flowers bloom on bright sunny days so the aroma can spread everywhere like a field freshly spread with manure. This basically ruins the enjoyment of any flower garden in such atmosphere. Also, exhibits thermogenesis.

 

7. Stapelia Gigantean

stapelia_gigantea_sized

Scientific Name: Same as regular name.

Native to: South Eastern Africa.

Desirable Features: Has a mesmerizing, fuzzy bloom which has enjoyed its share of cultivators.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Despite its beauty, it smells like rotting flesh to lure in flies. Culivators are generally advised to keep this plant outdoors so the fresh air could dilute the odor. So fellas, unless your girlfriend cultivates these plants or is a botanist, don’t give her this for Valentines Day.

 

8. The Voodoo Lily

dracunculus_vulgaris_sized

Scientific Name: Dracunculus vulgaris.

Native to: Greece, the Balkans, the Aegean Islands, and the southwest Turkey.

Desirable Features: It’s widely distributed and cultivated because of its stunning beauty. Not to mention, it can withstand drought.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s a carrion flower that smells like rotting flesh to attract flies. Fortunately its stench lasts for about a day. Also, all parts of the plant are considered poisonous so and touching the plant could trigger skin irritation or an allergic reaction.

 

9. Birthwort

DSCN9023

Scientific Name: Aristolochia gigantean. It’s genus has varieties of 500 species in diverse climates.

Native to: Brazil.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s purple and has a spectacular bloom. As an ornamental plant it’s notable as being hardy. Said to help heal wounds but little else and it’s not worth taking.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one, it gives a foul odor of rotting flesh to attract flies. Second, many of the flowers in this genus are seen as rather ugly. Third, while it’s been seen as an herbal medicine for centuries (especially in China), it’s a very poisonous plant linked to severe renal and kidney disease as well as cancer. Unfortunately, it continues to be used as an herbal remedy.

 

10. The Opium Poppy

Opium Poppy

Scientific Name: Papaver somniferum.

Native to: Asia and the Middle East.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s a medicinal plant as well as used for painkillers and is known for its ornamental beauty. Also, produces seeds which could be used as a condiment for many baked goods like buns and bagels.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Despite its beauty, this flower has a controversial reputation. It has an ambiguous legal status in the United States in which you can’t raise it for cultivation at a large agricultural scale without a license and only for medicinal purposes. Of course, reasons are obvious since these plants are a known source of heroin and other opiates. Still, this beauty managed to cause all sorts of problems throughout history and there’s no stopping it. I mean Great Britain managed to get Chinese people hooked on recreational opium during its empire days, which resulted in two wars. Ditto the War on Drugs in the US. As to why inner city drug lords don’t get into opium poppy cultivation, I don’t have the slightest idea.

 

11. Western Skunk Cabbage

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Scientific Name: Lysichiton americanus.

Native to: Wetlands in the Pacific Northwest.

Desirable Features: It’s a beautiful yellow flower with great foliage. Can be used as a laxative as well as for sores and swellings but only in small quantities and its waxy leaves could be used for food preparation and storage.

Why you wouldn’t want it: While it doesn’t smell of rotting flesh, there’s a reason why it’s called the “Western Skunk Cabbage.” Since it attracts beetles and flies, it’s odor is akin to skunk spray even in old dried specimens. So if you came home from a hiking trip smelling like a skunk despite not seeing one, perhaps this flower may be a reason. Also, using too much of this plant as medicine can result in death.

 

12.Castor Oil Plant

RICINUS COMMUNIS RED GIANT

Scientific Name: Ricinus communis.

Native to: The Southeastern Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Africa, and India.

Desirable Features: Has long been used as a medicinal plant as castor oil which has other uses (yet don’t consume it in its natural state). Also has lovely leaves and pink flowers.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s been listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most poisonous plant and produce ricin. On milligram of its poison could kill a human adult. Its pink pom-pom flowers are especially dangerous to children. Also, the KGB used this plant’s poison to silence opposition permanently.

 

13. Nepenthes Truncata

Nepenthes truncata on exhibit 2

Scientific Name: Same as regular name though it is a pitcher plant.

Native to: The Philippines.

Desirable Features: Well, if you have problems with insects and vermin, I’m sure this carnivorous plant could come in handy.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one, it’s ugly and probably smells of rotten meat to attract its prey. Second, the fact its known to eat small mammals is rather unsettling, especially since its process to dissolve such animals in digestive enzymes has been seen.

 

14. Belladonna

Atropa_belladonna_003.3

Scientific Name: Atropa belladonna.

Native to: Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

Desirable Features: It produces pretty purple flowers.

Why you wouldn’t want it: This flower is highly poisonous and has been used in one of the worst beauty trends in history in which women used the berries to dilate their pupils. Symptoms include, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, slow or fast pulse, loss of balance, staggering, headache, rash, flushing, dry mouth, slurred speech, urinary retention, constipation, confusion, as well as convulsions and death. Though it has been long used as an herbal medicine and homeopathic drug, there’s insufficient scientific evidence to recommend its use. Also known to kill a lot of Roman Emperors.

 

15. White Snakeroot

snakeroot

Scientific Name: Ageratina altissima.

Native to: The US Appalachian Mountains.

Desirable Features: Has lovely white flowers and has roots that can be used for medicinal purposes.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s a highly poisonous plant known to contain tremetol which led to the highly fatal milk sickness known to kill thousands of American settlers in the early 19th century, possibly including the mother of a US president.

 

16. Water Hemlock

wfshl-waterhemlock-01a

Scientific Name: Cicuta bulbifera. There are 3 other species for this genus though.

Native to: North America.

Desirable Features: It’s flowers look very similar to Queen Anne’s Lace but bigger.

Why you wouldn’t want it: According to the USDA, it’s considered as the most toxic plant in North America with its stalks containing full of the a sap containing cicutoxin. Ingesting a small amount of this could affect the central nervous system and cause seizures as well as bring death within 15 minutes. It’s also deadly to the touch even when dried. Most poisonings occurred due to confusion between these plants and other edible look-alikes, particularly from the Parsley family.  Those who survive may develop long term health conditions like amnesia.

 

17. Elephant Foot Yam

amorphophallus

Scientific Name: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius.

Native to: Southeast Asia.

Desirable Features: It has big purple leaves and is used as a cash crop in Southeast Asian countries. Elephant foot yams are used in cuisine as well as in medicine. Can be grown in areas that may seem unsuitable for crops.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s nickname is “the stink lily” because it smells like a corpse to attract flies. Also, it’s kind of ugly as well.

 

18. Black Bat Flower

BlackBatFlower

Scientific Name: Tacca chantrieri.

Native to: Southeast Asia and Southern China.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s not poisonous or smells bad. Also, it’s considered a collector’s item since it’s extremely rare.

Why you wouldn’t want it: This is one of the creepiest flowers ever in existence and is sure to inspire nightmares. So unless you love Halloween, are related to the Munsters or the Addams Family, or live in a dark castle on a hill or some other spooky residence, then this flower isn’t for you. Also, it’s a bitch to cultivate since it needs a lot of water and prefers high humidity so it would maybe work in my area but I’m not sure about the Munsters (since they live in California).

 

19. Dracula Orchid

scary-plants-halloween-garden-dracula_2a3b9084b64e6c11275299d2e421b16d_3x2_jpg_570x380_q85

Scientific Name: Dracula sergioi. Has 118 species in its genus.

Native to: Central and South America.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s an orchid and it’s rare in the US. Also, it’s harmless.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Well, if there’s a flower named after Dracula, chances are it’s either very dangerous or very scary looking. This one resembles some sci-fi alien monster with a piranha like mouth. So if you aren’t into scary movies, then you probably don’t want this in your garden.

 

20. Monk’s Hood

Aconitum_carmichaelii_'arendsii'_1

Scientific Name: Aconitum carmichaelii. Genus has over 250 species.

Native to: East Asia.

Desirable Features: Well, a lot of these flowers are in a beautiful shade of purple and yellow.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It contains large quantities of pseudocontitine  or actonite which is a deadly poison. It’s no wonder that many cultures used this plant to poison their arrows, so they’d be much more lethal. Consuming this flower can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea followed by burning, tingling, numbness of face, mouth, and abdomen. When consumed in large quantities, leads to instant death. Still, you probably remember this plant from Harry Potter as an ingredient in the Wolfsbane potion; you know what Snape made for Lupin during that special time of the month. Of course, it’s no wonder he got sick from it. Also, used as Hannah McKay’s killing method of choice on Dexter.

 

21. Oleander

800px-20080311_Nerium_Oleander_Flowers

Scientific Name: Nerium oleander.

Native to: The Mediterranean region, most likely.

Desirable Features: It smells sweet and has beautiful pink flowers with petals being crimson, magenta, or creamy white. Also, a rather hardy plant that could withstand drought.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s one of the most toxic plants in the world and every part of this flower is incredibly poisonous if ingested. In fact, even inhaling one burning is seen as a health threat and even honey derived from its nectar could kill you. A single leaf could kill a child. Most of its human victims are campers who used this flower’s branches to roast marshmallows and hotdogs (well, according to urban legend). Symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, excess salivation, abdominal pain, irregular heart rate, drowsiness, tremors, siezures, and coma.

 

22. Henbane

henbane-stinking-nightshade

Scientific Name: Hyoscyamus niger.

Native to: Eurasia.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s a nice looking flower.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one it has a foul odor which is the reason it’s known as “stinking nightshade.” Second, all parts of this plant are considered highly poisonous in low doses. Symptoms ingesting it include visual hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, flushed skin, vomiting, slow and fast pulse, hyperpyrexia and ataxia.

 

23. Poison Hemlock

plants_toxic-2

Scientific Name: Conium maculatum. There’s another species in this genus from Southern Africa. Also, don’t confuse it with the tree which is a different species entirely.

Native to: Europe and the Mediterranean.

Desirable Features: Resembles a bit like Queen Anne’s Lace.

Why you wouldn’t want it: This flower is extremely poisonous and ingesting small doses could cause respiratory collapse, muscular paralysis, and death. Retains poisonous properties when dried and is deadly to the touch. The famous Greek philosopher Socrates was condemned to death by drinking this. Second, because it’s poisonous, it could infest large pastures and open waste areas earning its invasive status.

 

24. Hemlock Water Dropwort

Oenanthe-Crocata-10-most-poisonous-flowers

Scientific Name: Oenanthe Crocata. Genus has another species.

Native to: Europe and the Mediterranean.

Desirable Features: Resembles a bit like Queen Anne’s Lace. Leaves pose no danger.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Despite its beauty, this is an extremely toxic plant (considered the most toxic plant in the UK), especially the stem and roots. A single root from this could kill a cow and human fatalities are known. It’s considered especially dangerous due to its resemblance to Chinese celery, Japanese wild celery, and it doesn’t help it shares the same genus.

 

25. Yellow Jasmine

Yellow-Jasmine

Scientific Name: Gelsemium sempervirens.

Native to: Southeastern US, Mexico, and Central America. State flower of South Carolina.

Desirable Features: Pretty yellow flowers and is sometimes used as an herbal medicine (when used right).

Why you wouldn’t want it: All parts of this plant contain the toxic strychnine alkaloids gelsemine and gelseminine, which is fatal to honeybees (and even more reason you wouldn’t want it in your garden, especially since there have reports of colony collapse disorder. Let’s just say any flower that’s fatally toxic to honeybees should never be used in a flower garden ever). Children have been poisoned sucking its nectar after mistaking it for honeysuckle and it can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

 

26. Crown Vetch

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Scientific Name: Securigera varia.

Native to: Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Desirable Features: Well, it has pretty pink flowers and is used in the US and Canada as erosion control, roadside planting, and soil rehabilitation. I see this flower all the time when I’m on walks. Grows in most environments and provides good forage for deer and elk during the winter as well as good nesting grounds for birds. Rabbits use this plant for food and cover.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Of course, this is coming from an American perspective but in many US states they’re considered an invasive species or noxious weeds. In fact, many Americans consider this a weed. It’s a tough and aggressive spreading plant that will crowd out its neighbors in a show garden and is very hard to eradicate once established. So if you live in the US, don’t plant this unless you’re legally obligated to do so. Not to mention, it’s also poisonous to horses.

 

27. Latana Camara

Lantana_camara_flowers_2

Scientific Name: Same as regular name.

Native to: Central and South America.

Desirable Features: Pretty flowers and can survive in a variety of environments. Can go long without water. Indian scientists discovered that the leaves have anti-microbial, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties which is good for many gardeners. It’s been seen as effective for treating ulcers and respiratory infections.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Since this plant has spread to 50 different countries, it’s been considered an invasive species which will often out compete more desirable species which will lead to a reduction in biodiversity. It’s also known to be toxic to livestock like cattle, sheep, horses, dogs, and goats.

 

28. Rhododendron Ponticum

Rhododendron_ponticum

Scientific Name: Same as regular name. Its genus has over 1,000 species and includes azaelas.

Native to: Southern Europe and Southwest Asia. National flower of Nepal and state flower of West Virginia and Washington.

Desirable Features: This is a highly desirable evergreen shrub with big flowers and lovely green foliage. These flowers make a trip to my local cemetery almost a dream come Memorial Day and I always take pictures of them with my camera.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one, this plant is considered a highly invasive species in New Zealand, the British Isles, and Western Europe. Second, it’s highly toxic especially to horses that are said to die within hours of ingesting it. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, hallucinations, paralysis, severe pains, and even death and its effects have been known since ancient times. Even its honey is poisonous to humans which can cause hypotension and bradycardia if consumed in sufficient quantities. Also, these plants are very prone to a whole range of pests and diseases (Wikipedia has a whole list of ills for this shrub). So it’s a great flower to look at but not a good one to have.

 

29. Tansy

tansy_flower_by_hitana87-d3q8jnu

Scientific Name: Tanacetum vulgare.

Native to: Europe and Asia.

Desirable Features: Pretty yellow flowers and seen as a natural insecticide as well as good companion plant.

Why you wouldn’t want it: In many areas of the world particularly North America, this is seen as an invasive species known to spread prolifically. Also, it’s a toxic plant in all parts, especially to livestock.

 

30. Cultivated Tobacco

Nicotiana_tabacum_004

Scientific Name: Nicotiana tabacum. Genus has 67 species.

Native to: The Caribbean. Introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus himself, if not then possible hybrid.

Desirable Features: Pretty pink flowers. Can also be used as an insecticide.

Why you wouldn’t want it: This plant doesn’t have a good reputation since it’s responsible for a lot of deaths from all kinds of diseases per year, particularly cancer (that and the 599 other additives in tobacco products). Those who work on tobacco farms and plantations are constantly exposed to nicotine poisoning as well as to a large amount of pesticides and other chemicals. Not to mention, this plant could be prone to a whole host of diseases and pests. Also, cultivating this plant in developing countries has led to significant deforestation and environmental damage.

 

31. Purple Loosestrife

purple_loosestrife_flowers

Scientific Name: Lythrum salicaria.

Native to: Europe, Asia, northwest Africa, and southeastern Australia.

Desirable Features: Pretty purple flowers and seen as a medicinal herb for bowel problems. Well suited for most environments.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s a highly invasive plant in New Zealand and North America. Its infestations result in dramatic disruption of water flow in rivers and streams as well as a sharp decline in biodiversity, especially in wetlands. Known for crowding out other native plant species like cattails. So if you live near a swamp, don’t plant this.

 

32. Common Foxglove

digitalis-purpurea-candy-mountain

Scientific Name: Digitalis purpurea. Genus contains 20 species.

Native to: Europe.

Desirable Features: Pretty purple flowers.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Toxic in all parts including the water any cut stalks sit in. Even in its dried state, it can kill. Poisoning is most commonly found in livestock, pets, and children. Sometimes mistaken for the edible comfrey plant and brewed as tea in which the results could be fatal. Symptoms include Stomach pain, nausea, violent vomiting, vertigo, muscular stiffness, fatigue, headache, pulse at first rapid and violent but soon weak and irregular, dilated pupils, dimness of vision, delirium.

 

33. Ox-Eye Daisy

oxeye

Scientific Name: Leucanthemum vulgare.

Native to: Europe and Asia.

Desirable Features: Well, it’s a daisy and appears conventional as such.

Why you wouldn’t want it: It’s a highly invasive species in North America, Australia, and New Zealand known for displacing native plants and modifying existing communities. It’s particularly troublesome in agricultural areas where cows won’t eat it which will enable it to spread and it’s host to several viral diseases that affect crops. In the US it’s prohibited in Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Washington, Wyoming, and West Virginia.

 

34. Creeping Buttercup

CreepingButtercup_GrobyPool_10May08

Scientific Name: Ranunculus repens. Genus has 600 species including spearworts, crowfoots, and celandine.

Native to: Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa.

Desirable Features: Pretty yellow flowers.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Though initially seen as an ornamental plant, it’s an invasive species in many parts of the world and is usually spread through transporting hay. Not to mention, it’s toxic in all parts to humans and animals (except when dried in hay) with symptoms including bloody diarrhea, excessive salivation, colic, and severe blistering that affect the mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Yet, while grazing animals know to avoid this plant, they will sometimes eat it out of desperation.

 

35. Blessed Milk Thistle

armurariul

Scientific Name: Silybum marianum.

Native to: Southern Europe and Asia.

Desirable Features: Pretty purple flowers and is widely cultivated in Europe, Asia, and South America for several different uses.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one, it has sharp spikes all over its foliage, which you wouldn’t want to touch on the roadside. Second, it contains the toxin potassium nitrate which is toxic humans and animals, particularly cattle and sheep. Symptoms include oxygen deprivation, which is a terrible way to die. Third, it’s considered an invasive species in Iran, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. Fourth, its appearance gives an impression that it more likely belongs in some mad scientist’s garden than yours, considering its freakish display. That or seems like an appropriate corsage for a Klingon wedding.

 

36. Common Water Hyacinth

Eichhornia_crassipes_B

Scientific Name: Eichhornia crassipes.

Native to: The Amazon Basin.

Desirable Features: One of the few Amazon flowers that could survive outside the rainforest (it’s been recently spotted in New York). Could be used for bioenergy and waste water treatment. Also, a very pretty purple flower with a petal resembling a peacock feather.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Since its introduction to the US in 1884, this little beauty has been responsible for all kinds of environmental damage such as choking up rivers, killing fish, and stopping shipping in Louisiana as well as clogging Florida’s waterways. Not only that but it nearly wrecked Florida’s environment and economy. There were many eradication attempts, including one by the US War Department pouring oil over it, yet none prevailed. The US government was so desperate to get rid of this plant that Congress almost passed a bill that would’ve authorized the importation of hippos for this very purpose in 1910. Yes, hippos, but this method wouldn’t have worked either because it’s also considered an invasive species in Africa, particularly Lake Victoria.

 

37. Lily of the Valley

Spring-Flowers-Lily-of-the-Valley

Scientific Name: Convallaria majalis.

Native to: Asia and Europe.

Desirable Features: Pretty white flowers which explains why it’s used a lot in bridal bouquets.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Unless you’re familiar with the later seasons of Breaking Bad (sorry to spoil it), you probably don’t know that this beauty can be very deadly. It’s highly poisonous in all parts including the berries and contains 38 different cardiac glycosides. If ingested even in small amounts, it could cause abdominal pain, vomiting, and a reduced heart rate. For the prospective brides hoping to become black widows someday, this is the perfect flower for you.

 

38. American Pokeweed

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Scientific Name: Phytolacca Americana.

Native to: Eastern North America.

Desirable Features: Well, pretty white flowers and nice dark berries. It’s a good source for songbirds like the Gray Catbird, Northern Cardinal, Brown Thrasher, and Northern Mockingbird. Young leaves (those that don’t have red in them) and berries can be eaten but only when properly cooked.

Why you wouldn’t want it: These plants are poisonous though the ripe dark berries are the least toxic; it’s when they’re green you really have to worry about them and whether they’re consumed raw in large quantities. Infants and small children should avoid consuming them at all times. As for the rest of the plant, well, those parts get more poisonous as it matures. And adults have been poisoned (sometimes fatally) by eating improperly prepared leaves and shoots, particularly if the root is harvested with the shoots, and by mistaking the root for an edible tuber. So if you’re served any pokeweed dish at a dinner party, you might not want to eat it. Symptoms upon ingesting may include anemia, altered heart rate and respiration, convulsions and death from respiratory failure. Could also possibly cause mutations (perhaps leading to cancer) and birth defects. Yet, animals would only consume them in desperation or if it’s in contaminated hay. Still, while it shouldn’t be touched with bare hands, the juice is less hazardous than the sap (which can cause dermatitis). Also, they are particularly invasive and a pain to get rid of (burning it won’t help, believe me).

 

39. Scotch Broom

SH03L325YARDSMART_lg

Scientific Name: Cytisus scoparius.

Native to: Western and central Europe.

Desirable Features: Pretty flowers. Can grow almost anywhere.

Why you wouldn’t want it: Contains a toxin that causes heart palpitations and affects the central nervous system, which is harmful to both humans and livestock. In the American West as well as in New Zealand, Australia, and India, this is a particularly invasive plant known to inhibit reforestation efforts after timber harvests.

 

40. Giant Hogweed

Rbk_dolde

Scientific Name: Heracleum mantegazzianum.

Native to: The Caucasus Region in Central Asia.

Desirable Features: Resembles a giant version of Queen Anne’s Lace like it’s on steroids or some radioactive plant food.

Why you wouldn’t want it: For one, it’s an invasive species spreading like wildfire and drowning the native flora and destroying ecosystems in its wake, especially in wetland areas. Second, it’s a phototoxic plant and public health hazard. Skin contact with its watery sap could produce painful burning blisters that could leave purple and black scars. If in contact with eyes, then blindness. Because of it being up to 8-20ft tall and dangerously poisonous to the touch, don’t think you can get rid of it with your weed whacker or mower. In fact, you can’t so it’s best to call professionals or local authorities who can properly destroy the plant and seeds.

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For the Last Time, Snow Doesn’t Disprove Global Warming

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Winter is a time for snow and cold temperatures. And sometimes, winters in my area don’t even have that. However, whenever some kind of blizzard and sub zero temperatures ravage some part of the US, the only people who seem happy are children and global warming deniers. Of course, with kids it’s because school is cancelled and they can play in the snow all they want building snowmen, going sled riding, and having a snowball fight. And those sick with the flu don’t need to worry about catching up with their homework. Still, that doesn’t mean their parents will be so lucky since many will need to go to work, shovel snow from the drive way, or brave the harsh road conditions. Still, at least kids have a reason to love snowstorms which pertains more to their routine than their own convoluted scientific understanding.

Which brings me to the other group, global warming deniers. You see these people on Fox News who try to make any excuse as to why global warming doesn’t exist despite being a broad consensus in the scientific community that it does, especially among climate scientists. Of course, global warming does pertain to the unequivocal and continuing rise in the Earth’s climate system mostly due to man made carbon emissions and greenhouse gases trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere. However, many of these global warming deniers tend to use cold and increment weather as a way to disprove global warming’s very existence as if the scientific community consists of a bunch of idiots. Unfortunately for them, global warming doesn’t work that way. Just because the average global temperature may increase doesn’t necessarily mean warmer winters or warmer weather in general. It just means that global temperature increases may lead to a more disruptive and unstable climate which will lead to long term ecological destruction and consequences from region to region be it rapid melting of glaciers in the polar regions, heatwaves, droughts,  heavy rainfall, ocean acidification, the presence of more destructive storms and hurricanes, rise of sea levels, expansion of subtropical deserts, and mass species extinctions. Oh, and the global temperature doesn’t need to increase by that much either (since the early 20th century the air and sea surface temperature has increased by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit) and that more serious snowstorms and record low temperatures may also be a leading effect of global warming.

Of course, there have been increasingly warmer winters in recent years and over the past century, but that doesn’t mean that one winter may be warmer as the last. Nor can you disprove the existence of global warming by a single weather event and may make even winter weather events like a polar vortex even worse which may be caused by the exact same weather phenomenon responsible for other extreme weather patterns: melting sea ice. Now as the planet warms, Arctic sea ice melts the northern polar region equalizes a bit with temperatures farther south. This causes the northern latitude jet stream usually holding the far colder Arctic air in place with 100mph winds to slow down. When this happens, pockets of cold are more prone to escape to the south. This year, it’s said that the amount of cold air leaked past the seal is much larger than usual and has pushed farther south. So this means global warming may be the reason why it’s cold outside and not it’s non-existence.

Now many global warming deniers may go on and on how humans can’t change the climate and that climate change may be a natural phenomenon. Of course, there have been plenty of natural climate change phenomenon as we know from prehistoric times. But can man made environmental destruction change climate and weather patterns? Absolutely and it has even in our own time. Non-sustainable agricultural practices in the US and Canadian prairies created the conditions for the large scaled erosion associated with the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Widespread wolf hunting in Yellowstone National Park led to an overpopulation of elk and nearly diminished the park’s ecology and natural beauty for years until the wolves were brought back. Invasive species have been known to kill many natural wildlife particularly on islands while deforestation can lead to more floods, drought, and soil erosion. CFCs have resulted in a hole in the ozone in Antarctica leading many near the place to be exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation. And pollution not only leads to species endangerment and habitat destruction but also to increased risk of respiratory diseases and possible economic ruin. If you ever think why people would devote their lives to saving a particular animal species is ridiculous, then you don’t understand ecology, my friend. And if humans are capable of disrupting entire ecosystems and environments, then they’re certainly capable of causing climate change which can bring it’s own share of ecological destruction as well. Since global warming leads to more disruptive and unpredictable weather patterns, then its impact on the environment will affect our lives as well. And if we don’t acknowledge its existence or resolve to do something about it, then we might as well plant the seeds of our own destruction.